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JUL    5  1919 


[_0S  DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


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BUREAU    OF    THE    CENSUS 
SAM.  L.  ROGERS,  Director 


CENSUS  OF  SHIPBUILDING 

(INCLUDING  BOAT  BUILDING) 


1916  AND  1914 


Prepared  under  the  supervision  of  EUGENE  F.  HARTLEY,  Chief  Statistician  for  Manufactures       ^^fe^-i-f^     r , 


CONTENTS 


Page 

Explanation  of  terms 2 

General  statistics 3 

Scope  and  cliaracter  of  the  industry 3 

Summary  for  the  industry:  1916  and  1914 3 

Comparison  with  earlier  censuses 4 

Government  shipyards 5 

Summary  by  states 6 

Coast  di\isions  and  inland  waters 7 

Persons  engaged  in  the  industry 10 

Wage  earners  employed,  by  months 12 

Prevailing  hours  of  labor ,. 13 

Character  of  ownership 14 

Classification  according  to  size 15 

Classification  by  number  of  wage  earners 18 


General  statistics — Continued. 
Engines  and  power 


Fuel 

Special  statistics 

Statistics  covered  and  terms  used 

Vessels  and  boats 

Value  of  work  done  during  census  year 

Dry  docks  and  marine  railways 

Detail  state  tables: 

Table  35. — Comparative  summary,  by  states,  for  1916,  1914, 

and  1909 

Table  36.— Detail  statistics  for  shipbuilding,  including  Iwat 

building,  by  states:  1916 

Table  37.— Detail  statistics  for  shipbuilding,  including  boat 

building,  by  states:  1914 


Page 
17 
IS 
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32 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1919 


JZiAri-LrtiNAiiwiN   Kjr    irixvivio. 


Scope  of  censns. — Census  statistics  of  manufactures  are  compiled 
primarily  for  the  pm^jose  of  showiag  the  absolute  and  relative 
magnitude  of  the  different  branches  of  industry  covered  and  their 
growth  or  decline.  Incidentally,  the  effort  is  made  to  present  data 
throwing  light  upon  character  of  ownership,  size  of  establishments, 
and  similar  subjects.  \\'hen  use  is  made  of  the  statistics  for  these 
purposes  it  is  imperative  that  due  attention  should  be  given  to  their 
limitations,  particularly  in  connection  with  any  attempt  to  derive 
from  them  figures  purporting  to  show  average  wages,  cost  of  produc- 
tion, or  profits. 

The  census  did  not  cover  establishments  which  were  idle  during 
the  entire  year  or  whose  products  were  valued  at  less  than  $500,  or 
the  manufacturing  done  in  educational,  eleemosynary,  and  penal 
institutions. 

Period  covered. — ^The  retvums  relate  to  the  calendar  year  1914,  or 
the  business  year  which  corresponded  most  nearly  to  that  calendar 
year,  and  cover  a  year's  operations,  except  for  establishments  which 
began  or  discontinued  business  during  tne  year. 

The  establishment. — As  a  rule,  the  term  "establishment"  repre- 
sents a  single  plant  or  factory,  but  in  some  cases  it  represents  two  or 
more  plants  which  were  operated  under  a  common  o\\Tiership  or 
for  which  one"  set.of  books  of  aocouht  y/as  kept.    If,  however,  the 

f)lants  constituung.'an  e^tablislriaieilt  fia  thus  defined  were  not  all 
ocated  within  the  same  city  or  state"  separate  reports  were  secured 
in  order  that  ttte^-tigftre^fdt.'ejich;  pfent  tnight  be  included  in  the 
statistics  fai'fhet^itfyiof  state  id  wltich-jt  ys&s  located. 

Influence  of  increased  prices. — In  comparing  figures  for  cost  of 
materials,  value  of  products,  and  value  added  by  manufacture  in 
1914  and  1909  with  the  corresponding  figures  for  earlier  censuses, 
account  should  be  taken  of  the  general  increase  in  the  prices  of  com- 
modities during  recent  years.  To  the  extent  to  which  this  factor 
has  been  influential  the  figures  fail  to  afford  an  exact  measure  of  the 
increase  in  the  volume  of  business. 

Persons  engaged  in  the  industry. — The  following  general  classes 
of  persons  engaged  in  the  industry  distinguished:  (1)  Proprietors 
and  firm  members,  (2)  salaried  officers  of  corporations,  (3)  superin- 
tendents and  managers,  (4)  clerks  (including  other  subordinate 
salaried  employees),  and  (5)  wage  earners.  In  the  rejwrts  for  the 
censuses  of  1904  and  1899  these  five  classes  were  shown  according 
to  the  three  main  groups:  (1)  Proprietors  and  firm  members,  (2) 
salaried  officials,  clerks,  etc.,  and  (3)  wage  earners.  In  compara- 
tive tables  covering  the  census  of  1904  it  is  of  course  necessary  to 
group  the  figures  according  to  the  classification  that  was  employed 
at  the  earlier  censuses. 

The  number  of  persons  engaged  in  the  industry,  distributed  by 
sex,  and,  in  the  case  of  wage  earners,  also  by  age  (whether  under 
16  or  16  and  over),  was  reported  for  a  single  representative  day. 
The  15th  of  December  was  selected  as  representing  for  most  estab- 
lishments normal  conditions  of  employment,  but  where  this  date 
was  not  a  representative  day  an  earlier  date  was  chosen. 

In  the  case  of  employees  other  than  wage  earners  the  ntimber  thus 
reported  for  the  representative  date  has  been  treated  as  equivalent 
to  the  average  for  the  year,  since  the  number  of  employees  of  this 
class  does  not  ordinarily  vary  much  from  month  to  month.  In 
the  case  of  wage  earners  the  average  has  been  obtained  in  the 
maimer  explained  in  the  next  paragraph. 

In  addition  to  the  more  detailed  report  by  sex  and  age  of  the 
niunber  of  wage  earners  on  the  representative  date,  a  report  was 
obtained  of  the  number  employed  on  the  15th  of  each  month, 
without  distinction  of  sex  or  age.  From  these  figures  the  average 
number  of  wage  earners  for  the  year  has  been  calculated  by  dividing 
the  sum  of  the  numbers  reported  for  the  several  months  by  12. 
The  average  thus  obtained  approximates  the  number  of  wage  earn- 
ers that  would  be  required  to  perform  the  work  done  if  all  were 
constantly  employed  during  the  entire  year.  Accordingly,  the  im- 
portance of  the  industry  as  an  employer  of  labor  is  behoved  to  be 
more  accurately  measured  by  this  average  than  by  the  number 
employed  at  any  one  time  or  on  a  given  day. 

In  order  to  determine  as  nearly  as  possible  the  sex  and  age  dis- 
tribution of  the  average  number  of  wage  earners  for  the  industry  as 
a  whole,  the  per  cent  distribution  by  sex  and  age  of  the  wage  earners 
reported  forDecember  15,  or  the  nearest  representative  day,  has 
been  calculated  from  the  actual  number  reported  for  that  date,  the 
percentages  thus  obtained  have  lieen  applied  to  the  average  number 
of  wage  earners  for  the  year  in  the  industry  to  determine  the  average 
number  of  men,  women,  and  children  employed. 

Salaries  and  wages. — Under  the.se  heads  are  given  the  total  pay- 
ments during  the  year  for  salaries  and  wages,  respectively.  The 
Census  Bureau  has  not  undertaken  to  calculate  the  average  annual 
earnings  of  either  salaried  employees  or  wage  earners.  Such  aver- 
ages would  possess  little  real  value,  because  they  would  be  based  on 
the  earnings  of  employees  of  both  sexes,  of  all  ages,  and  of  widely 
varying  degrees  of  skill.  Fiirthermore,  so  far  as  wage  earners  are 
concerned,  it  would  be  impoaaible  to  calculate  accurately  even  so 

(2) 


simple  an  average  as  this,  since  the  number  of  wage  earners  fluctn- 
ates  from  month  to  month.  The  Census  Bureau's  figures  for  wag« 
earners,  as  already  explained,  are  averages  based  on  the  ntimbei 
employed  on  the  15th  of  each  month  and  represent  the  approxi' 
mate  number  who  would  be  required  to  perform  the  work  if  aU 
were  continuously  employed  during  the  year,  whereas  the  actuaJ 
number  to  whom  the  total  wages  were  paid  would  be  larger. 

Prevailing  hours  of  labor.— No  attempt  was  made  to  ascertain  the 
number  of  wage  earners  working  a  given  number  of  houss  per  week 
The  inquiry  called  merely  for  the  prevailing  practice  followed  ir 
each  establishment.  Occasional  variations  in  hours  in  ah  estab 
lishment  from  one  part  of  the  year  to  another  were  disregarded,  and 
no  attention  was  paid  to  the  fact  that  a  limited  number  of  wag( 
earners  might  have  hours  differing  from  those  of  the  majority.  AL 
the  wage  earners  of  each  establishment  are  therefore  counted  ir 
the  class  within  which  the  establishment  itself  falls.  In  mosi 
establishments,  however,  all  or  practically  all  the  wage  eamen 
work  the  same  number  of  hours,  so  that  the  figures  give  a  substan 
tially  correct  representation  of  the  hours  of  labor. 

Capital. — The  instructions  on  the  schedule  for  securing  dat£ 
relating  to  capital  were  as  foUows: 

The  answer  should  show  the  total  amount  of  capital,  both  owned  and  borrowed, 
onthelast  day  of  the  business  year  reported.  AlltheitemsotJixedand  live  capita 
may  be  taken  at  the  amounts  carried  on  the  books.  If  land  or  buildings  are  rentec 
that  fact  should  be  stated  and  no  value  given.  If  a  part  of  the  land  or  buildingi 
is  owned,  the  remainder  beinR  rented,  that  fact  should  be  so  stated  and  only  thi 
value  of  the  owned  property  given.  Do  not  include  securities  and  loans  represent 
Ing  investments  in  other  enterprises. 

These  instructions  were  identical  with  those  employed  at  th( 
census  of  1909.  The  data  compiled  in  respect  to  capital,  however 
at  both  censuses,  as  well  as  at  all  preceding  censuses  of  manufactures 
have  been  so  defective  as  to  be  of  little  value  except  as  indicatinj 
very  general  conditions.  In  fact,  it  has  been  repeatedly  recom 
mended  by  the  census  authorities  that  this  inquiry  be  omitted  iron 
the  schedtile.  While  there  are  some  establishments  whose  account 
ing  systems  are  such  that  an  accurate  return  for  capital  could  b< 
made,  this  is  not  true  of  the  great  majority,  and  the  figures  therefow 
do  not  show  the  actual  amount  of  capital  invested. 

Iilaterials. — The  statistics  as  to  cost  of  materials  relate  to  th( 
materials  used  during  the  year,  which  may  be  more  or  less  than  th( 
materials  purchased  during  the  year.  The  term  "materials' 
covers  fuel,  rent  of  power  and  heat,  mill  supplies,  and  containers 
as  well  as  materials  which  form  a  constituent  part  of  the  product 

Bent  and  taxes. — The  taxes  include  internal  revenue,  corj^ra 
tion  income  tax,  and  state,  county,  and  local  taxes.  In  some 
instances  the  amount  of  the  corporation  tax  for  1914  had  not  beci 
ascertained  when  the  report  was  prepared  and  the  amount  pai< 
for  1913  was  given. 

Value  of  products. — ^The  amounts  given  under  this  heading  repre 
sent  the  selling  value  or  price  at  the  factory  of  all  products  manu 
factured  during  the  year,  which  may  differ  from  tne  value  of  thi 
products  sold. 

Value  added  by  manufacture. — The  value  of  products  is  not  i 
satisfactory  measure  of  either  the  absolute  or  the  relative  importance 
of  a  given  industry,  because  only  a  part  of  this  value  is  actuall; 
created  by  the  manufacturing  processes  carried  on  in  the  industr 
itself.  Another  part,  and  often  by  far  the  larger  one,  represent; 
the  value  of  the  materials  used.  For  many  purposes,  therefore,  thi 
best  measure  of  the  importance  of  an  industry  is  the  value  createt 
by  the  manufacturing  operations  carried  on  within  the  industry 
This  value  is  calculated  oy  deducting  the  cost  of  the  materials  usee 
from  the  value  of  the  products.  The  figure  thus  obtained  is  termei 
in  the  census  reports    value  added  by  manufacture." 

Cost  of  manufacture  and  profits. — ^The  census  data  do  not  sho^ 
the  entire  cost  of  manufacture,  and  consequently  can  not  be  use< 
for  the  calculation  of  profits.  No  account  has  been  taken  of  interes 
or  depreciation,  rent  of  offices  and  buildings  other  than  factory  o 
works,  insurance,  ordinary  repairs,  advertising,  and  other  sundr; 
expenses. 

Primary  horsepower. — ^This  item  represents  the  total  primar 
power  generated  by  the  manufactiu-ing  establishments  plus  th 
amount  of  power,  principally  electric,  rented  from  other  concerns 
It  does  not  cover  the  power  of  electric  motors  taking  their  curren 
from  dynamos  driven  oy  primary  power  machines  operated  by  th 
same  establishment,  because  the  inclusion  of  such  power  would  ol; 
viously  result  in  duplication.  The  figures  for  primary  horsepowe 
represent  the  rated  capacity  of  the  engines,  motors,  etc.,  and  no 
the  amount  of  power  m  actual  daily  use,  since  in  most  cases  ai 
engine  or  motor  is  not  required  to  dehver  continuously  its  full  rate^ 
horsepower. 

Fuel. — Statistics  of  the  quantity  of  fuel  used  are  shown  only  fo 
anthracite  and  bituminous  coal,  coke,  oil,  and  gas.  They  relat 
to  the  quantity  used  during  the  year,  which  may  be  more  or  leg 
than  the  quantity  purchased.  As  only  the  principal  varieties  of  f  u( 
are  shown,  no  comparison  can  be  made  with  the  total  cost  of  all  fuel 


SHIPBUILDING,  INCLUDING  BOAT  BUILDING. 


By  Everett  Spring.^ 


GENEEAL  STATISTICS. 


Scope  and  character  of  the  industry. — The  statistics 
for  this  industry  cover  establishments  engaged  in  the 
construction  and  repair  of  vessels,  ships,  and  boats  of 
all  classes.  Data  for  shipyards  operated  by  the  Fed- 
eral Government  were  also  collected,  but  are  shown 
separately  and  are  not  included  in  the  totals  for  the 
industry.  A  number  of  establishments,  not  properly 
classified  with  the  shipbuilding  industry,  also  inci- 
dentally built  or  repaired  ships  or  boats,  but  the 
amount  contributed  to  the  industry  by  these  estab- 
lishments was  small,  and  unless  so  stated,  the  tables  do 
not  include  statistics  relating  to  them.  As  generally 
used  in  this  report  the  term  "ship"  or  "vessel"  refers 
to  craft  of  5  gross  tons  measurement  or  over,  while 
craft  imder  5  gross  tons  are  designated  as  boats. 

In  compiling  the  statistics  for  the  shipbuilding  in- 
dustry the  Bureau  of  the  Census  distinguishes  between 
establishments  in  the  steel  shipbuilding  branch  of  the 
industry  and  those  engaged  in  wooden  shipbuilding 
and  boat  building.  The  first  group  is  divided  into  (1) 
establishments  doing  construction  work  on  steel  vessels 
of  5  gross  tons  or  over  and  (2)  establishments  doing 
repair  work  only  on  steel  vessels.  The  second  group, 
wooden  shipbuilding  and  boat  building,  is  divided 
into  four  classes:  (1)  Establishments  engaged  in  new 
construction  work  on  wooden  vessels  of  5  gross  tons  or 
over;  (2)  establishments  doing  repair  work  only,  on 
wooden  vessels;  (3)  establishments  engaged  mainly  in 
building  or  repairing  boats  of  less  than  5  gross  tons; 
and  (4)  establishments  making  masts,  spars,  oars,  and 
ship  accessories,  and  those  engaged  in  rigging  vessels. 
These  divisions  and  groups  are  used  for  purposes  of 
comparison  as  they  are  as  nearly  as  possible  the  same 
for  all  censuses. 

Although  the  statistics  for  the  industry  for  1914 
were  collected  in  connection  with  the  quinquennial 
census  of  manufactures  for  that  year,  they  were  not 
pubUshed  at  the  time,  owing  to  the  inadvisability  of 
making  public  the  information  during  the  war,  but  the 
figures  were  used  by  the  Shipping  Board  and  the 
other  war  agencies  of  the  Government;  later  a  further 
canvass  was  made  of  the  industry,  to  cover  the  opera- 
tions of  the  year  1916,  for  the  use  of  the  various  war 
boards,  and  these  statistics  have  been  incorporated  in 
the  present  bulletin. 


Summary  for  the  industry :  1916  and  1914. — Table  1 
presents  a  comparative  summary  of  the  principal  sta- 
tistics of  establishments  in  the  shipbuilding  industry, 
by  branches  and  by  subbranches,  for  the  years  1916 
and  1914. 

A  marked  feature  of  the  industry  shown  by  the 
table  is  the  large  increase  in  the  capital  invested. 
The  increase  for  the  year  1916,  as  compared  with 
1914,  was  $87,157,931,  or  55.8  per  cent.  In  steel 
shipbuilding  estabUshments  the  increase  in  capital 
for  the  two-year  period  was  $76,805,484,  or  57.9  per 
cent,  while  the  wooden  branch  of  the  industry  in- 
creased $10,352,447,  or  44.3  per  cent,  in  the  same 
period.  The  great  majority  of  the  estabhshments 
engaged  in  the  construction  of  steel  vessels  are  large 
plants  with  costly  and  expensive  equipment,  whereas 
a  large  proportion  of  the  establisliments  building 
wooden  vessels  are  small  yards  engaged  in  repair 
work  or  the  building  of  vessels  of  comparatively  small 
tonnage. 

As  compared  with  the  total  number  of  establish- 
ments reported  for  the  entire  shipbuilding  industry, 
those  plants  constructing  and  repairing  steel  ships 
form  but  a  small  proportion,  6.9  per  cent  in  1914  and 
9.6  per  cent  in  1916.  The  relative  importance  of 
this  branch  of  the  industry,  however,  is  shown  by 
the  fact  that  in  1914  and  1916  it  gave  employment 
to  75.3  per  cent  and  77.6  per  cent,  respectively,  of 
the  total  number  of  wage  earners,  and  contributed 
74.7  per  cent  and  77.8  per  cent,  respectively,  of  the 
aggregate  value  of  products. 

In  considering .  the  extent  of  that  branch  of  the 
industry  engaged  in  constructing  wooden  vessels,  it 
is  well  to  remember  that  there  are  many  establish- 
ments making  small  boats,  masts,  spars,  and  oars,  or 
in  rigging  vessels,  the  figures  for  which  are  included  in 
the  totals  for  wooden  shipbuilding  and  boat  building. 

The  relative  importance  of  the  various  divisions 
of  the  shipbuilding  industry  may  be  seen  from  the 
relation  that  the  value  of  the  products  for  each 
branch  bears  to  the  total  products  of  the  industry, 
which  were  $88,682,071  in  1914  and  $185,852,192  in 
1916.  In  steel  shipbuilding  the  value  of  products 
of  establishments  doing  new  construction  work,  on 
vessels  launched  and  on  the  ways,  was  61.3  per  cent 

(3) 


986771 


MANUFACTURES. 


of  the  total  for  all  products  of  the  industry  in  1914 
and  64.1  per  cent  in  1916,  while  the  percentage  of 
products  for  those  establishments  doing  repair  work, 
only  was  13.4  per  cent  in  1914  and  13.7  per  cent  in 
1916.  The  proportion  of  the  total  value  of  products 
contributed  by  establishments  in  wooden  shipbuild- 
ing engaged  in  new  construction  was  11.8  per  cent 
in  1914  and  13.4  per  cent  in  1916;  by  those  establish- 
nients  doin^  repa,ir„work  only,  8.2  per  cent  in  1914 
aljd.i.y  per  cfenf  in  1916;  and  by  those  establishments 


constructing  boats  of  less  than  5  gross  tons  and  manu- 
facturing masts,  spars,  and  oars,  and  in  rigging  ves- 
sels, 5.4  per  cent  in  1914  and  4.1  per  cent  in  1916. 

There  were  907  establishments  in  1914  and  827  in 
1916  engaged  mainly  in  new  construction  on  ships 
and  boats  of  all  classes.  These  gave  employment  to 
78.2  per  cent  of  all  persons  employed  in  1914  and  82.4 
per  cent  in  1916,  and  likewise  reported  78  per  cent  of 
the  value  of  all  products  in  1914  and  81.3  per  cent  in 
1916. 


''JtmbuJi. 


Number  of  establishments 

Persons  engaged 

Proprietors  and  firm  members 

Salaried  employees 

Wage  earners  (average  number) 

Primary  horsepower 

Capital 

Salaries  and  wages 

Salaries ^ 

Wages 

Paid  for  contract  work .-. 

Rent  and  taxes  (including  internal  revenue) 

Cost  of  materials 

Value  of  products 


Value  added  by  manufacture  (value  of  prod- 
ucts less  cost  of  materials). 


Census 
year. 


1916 
1914 


1916 
1914 


1916 
1914 


1916 
1914 


1916 
1914 


»1916 
1914 


1916 
1914 


1916 
1914 


1916 
1914 


1916 
1914 


1916 
1914 


•1916 
1914 


1916 
1914 


1916 
1914 


1916 
1914 


SHIPBUILDING,  INCLUDING   BOAT  BUILDING. 


Aggregate. 


1,137 
1,147 

78,333 

48,667 

1,103 
1,192 

4,733 
2,986 

72, 497 
44,489 


115,333 

$243, 217,  869 
156,059,938 

67,526,623 
37,689,965 

6,950,722 
4,758,809 

60,575,901 
32,931,156 

4,092,789 
531,779 


1,123,144 

89,268,830 
38,596,970 

185,852,192 
88,682,071 

96,583,362 
50;  085, 101 


Steel  vessels. 


Total. 


109 
79 

59,802 
35,664 

35 
24 

3,530 
2,132 

56,237 
33,508 


83,706 

$209,517,898 
132,712,414 

53, 367, 771 
28,752,404 

5,347,648 
3, 586, 612 

48,020,123 
25, 165, 792 

3,911,332 
442,135 


668,965 

69,961,072 
29, 269, 727 

144,619,111 
66, 216, 692 

74,658,039 
36,946,965 


New  con- 
struction 
on  vessels 
of  5  tons 
and  over. 


72 
46 

51,230 

29,848 

15 
7 

3,073 
1,699 

48,142 
28,142 


63,888 

$190,391,607 
112,630,389 

43, 816, 888 
23,520,313 

4,672,207 
2, 801, 588 

39, 144, 681 
20,718.725 

3, 268, 575 
206,194 


419,286 

61,957,923 
25, 825, 634 

119, 155, 601 
54,339,778 

57,197,678 
28, 514, 144 


Repair 
work  only. 


37 
»33 

8,572 
6,816 

20 
17 

457 
433 

8,095 
5,366 


19,818 

$19, 126, 291 
20,082,025 

9,550,883 
5,232,091 

675,441 
785,024 

8,875,442 
4,447,067 

642,757 
235, 941 


249,679 

8,003,149 
3,444,093 

25, 463, 510 
11,876,914 

17,460,361 
8, 432, 821 


Wooden,  including  boat  building. 


Total. 


1,028 
1,068 

18,531 
13,003 

1,068 
1,168 

1,203 
854 

16,260 
10,981 


31,627 

$33,699,971 
23,347,624 

14, 158, 852 
8,937,581 

1,603,074 
1, 172, 197 

12,555,778 
7,765,364 

181,457 
89,644 


454, 179 

19,307,758 
9,327,243 

41,233,081 
22,465,379 

21,925,323 
13, 138, 136 


Vessels. 


New  con- 
struction 
on  vessels 
of  5  tons 
and  over. 


339 
273 


10,395 
5,472 


364 
332 


667 
338 


9,364 
4,802 


14, 148 

$17,394,882 
9, 579, 832 

8, 253, 6.59 
3,940,934 

915,618 
525,032 

7,338,041 
3,415,902 

118,012 
34,094 


151,623 

11,700,716 
4,691,331 

24,902,118 
10, 427, 681 

13,201,400 
5,736,350 


Repair 
work  only. 


248 
179 

4,932 
4,571 

216 
152 

311 
310 

4,405 
4,109 


11,180 

$10,204,049 
8,946,660 

3, 830, 740 
3, 360, 143 

437, 173 
414,155 

3,393,567 
2,945,988 

55, 193 
39,257 


189,218 

3,160,413 

2,517,787 

8, 763, 825 
7,255,951 

5, 603, 412 
4,738,164 


Boats 
under 
5  tons — 
construc- 
tion and 
repairs. 


416 

588 

2,949 
2,749 

461 
657 

213 
197 

2,275 
1,895 


5,770 

$5,403,418 
4,614,178 

1,891,039 
1,502,905 

234,205 
223,061 

1,656,834 
1, 279, 844 

8,147 
15,717 


104,474 

4,241,368 
1,956,374 

7,059,017 
4, 413, 767 

2,817,649 
2,457,383 


Masts, 
spars, 
oars,  and 
rigging 
vessels. 


25 
28 


255 
211 


27 
27 


12 
9 


216 
175 


529 

$697,622 
206,854 

183,414 
133,579 

16,078 
9,949 

167,336 
123,630 

105 
676 


8,864 

205,261 
161,751 

608,123 
367,990 

302, 882 
206,239 


>  Includes  4  establishments  making  boats  imder  5  tons,  and  1  making  masts,  spars,  oars,  and  the  rigging  of  vessels. 


« Not  reported. 


Comparison  with  earlier  censuses. — Table  2  sum- 
marizes the  statistics  of  the  estabUshments  engaged 
in  shipbuilding  for  each  census  from  1879  to  1916,  in- 
clusive, and  gives  percentages  of  increase  or  decrease 
from  census  to  census.  The  figures  for  1869,  com- 
parable with  corresponding  items  given  in  the  table 
for  1879  and  later  years,  were:  Number  of  establish- 
ments, 964;  wage  earners  (average  number),  13,915; 
primary  horsepower,  5,136;  capital,  $11,463,076; 
salaries  and  wages,  $7,  073,  400 ;  cost  of  materials, 
$9,379,980;  value  of  products,  $21,483,967;  and 
value  added  by  manufactxu-e,  $12,103,987.  The 
financial  figures  for  1869  are  given  in  currency,  which 
at  the  time  was  worth  only  about  80  cents  gold  to 


the  dollar.     For  strict  comparison,   therefore,   these 
figures  should  be  reduced  about  20  per  cent. 

While  there  was  a  decrease  in  the  number  of  estab- 
lishments from  1914  to  1916,  all  of  the  other  items 
except  number  of  proprietors  and  firm  members 
showed  a  decided  increase  for  this  period.  During 
the  37  years  covered  by  the  table,  the  average  number 
of  wage  earners  increased  from  21,345  to  72,497,  or 
239.6  per  cent,  while  the  total  value  of  products,  in- 
cluding repair  work,  increased  from  $36,800,327  to 
$185,852,192,  or  405  per  cent.  The  capital  invested 
in  the  industry  shows  a  large  increase  during  the 
period,  from  $20,979,874  in  1879  to  $243,217,869  in 
1916,  or  nearly  twelvefold,  and  the  average  capital 


SHIPBUILDING. 


per  establishment  increased  from  $9,589  to  1213,912. 
These  increases  indicate  that,  as  the  construction  of 
steel  ships  has  grown  in  importance,  capital  has  be- 
come far  more  necessary  to  the  development  of  the 
industry  than  was  the  case  when  ships  were  con- 
|tructed  of  wood  only.     In  1879  the  value  of  products 


was  nearly  twice  the  capital  invested,  the  ratio  being 
1.75.  In  1899,  for  the  first  time,  the  value  of  products 
was  less  than  the  capital  invested  and  the  ratio  of 
value  of  products  to  the  capital  decreased  until  1914, 
when  it  was  0.57,  with  an  increase  to  0.76  in  1916,  due 
largely  to  the  increase  in  values  incident  to  the  war. 


Table  2 

SHIPBtnLDING,  INCLUDINQ  BOAT  BUILDING. 

PEB  CENT  OF  INCBEASE." 

1916 

19U 

1909 

1904 

1899 

1.S89 

1.879 

1914- 
1916 

190»- 
1914 

1904- 
1909 

1S99- 
1904 

1889- 
1899 

1879- 
188S 

Number  of  establishment? 

1,137 
78,333 

1,103 
4,733 

72,497 

0) 

$243,217,889 

67,526,623 

6,950,722 

60,575,901 

4,092,789 

(') 
89,268,830 
185,852,192 

96,683,362 

1.147 
48,667 

1,192 
2,986 

44,489 

115,3,%3 

$156,059,938 

37,689,965 

4,758,809 

32,931,166 

631,  770 

1,123,144 
38,596,970 
88,682,071 

60,085,101 

1,353 
44,949 

1,463 

2,980 

40,506 

88,063 

$126,118,489 

29,303,132 

4,035,446 

25,267,686 

1,185,579 

835,656 
31,214.358 
73,360,315 

42, 145, 957 

1.097 
64,424 

1,190 
2,480 

60,754 

78, 127 

$121,623,700 

32,580,828 

3,339,741 

29,241,087 

674,418 

« 640,519 
37,463.179 
82,769,239 

45,306,060 

1,107 

1,405 

46,747 

61,797 

$77,341,001 

26,831,975 

2,007,237 

24,824,738 

m 
m 

33.474,896 
74,  .532, 277 

41,057,381 

1,006 

(=) 

(•■) 
(') 

22, 143 

18, 192 

$27,262,892 

14,278,819 

m 

(') 
("-) 

m 

16,521,248 
38,065,410 

21,. 544, 164 

2,188 
(') 

(') 
O 

21,345 

m 

$20,979,874 
12,713,813 

ti 

(') 
19,736,358 
36,800,327 

17,063,969 

-0.9 
61.0 

-7.5 
68.6 

63.0 

""bs'.s 

79.2 

46.1 

83.9 

669.6 

"isi.'s' 

109.6 
92.8 

-15.2 
8.3 

-18.5 
0.2 

9.8 
31.0 
23.7 
28.6 
17.9 
30.3 
-65.1 

34.4 
23.7 
20.9 

18.8 

23.3 

-17.4 

22.9 
20.2 

-20.2 
12.7 
3.7 

-10.1 
20.8 

-13.6 
75.8 

-0.9 

10.0 

-54.0 

Proprietors    and    firm 

Salaried  employees 

76.6 

8.6 
26.4 
57.3 
21.4 
66.4 
17.8 

Wage  earners  (average 
number) 

ni.i 

239.7 
183.7 
87.9 

(•) 
29  9 

Primary  horsepower 

Capital 

Salaries  and  wages 

12  3 

Salaries 

Wages..    . 

89.7 

2  9 

Paid  for  contract  worlc 

Kent  and  taxes  (including 
internal  revenue) 

-16.7 
-11.4 

-7.0 

11.9 
U.l 

10.3 

102.6 
96.8 

90.6 

—16.3 

3  4 

Value  added  by  manufac- 
ture (value  of  products 
less  cost  of  materials) 

26.3 

'  A  minus  sign  (—)  denotes  decrease.        '  Figures  not  available.        '  Figures  not  strictly  comparable.        <  Not  reported.        »  Exclusive  of  internal  revenue. 


Government  shipyards. — Table  3  presents,  for  1916, 
1914,  1909,  and  1904,  a  comparative  summary  of  the 
more  important  statistics  of  shipbuilding  establish- 
ments operated  by  the  Federal  Government. 


Table  3 


Number  of  establishments 

Persons  engaged 

Salaried  emjiloyees , 

\\'age     earners     (average 

number) 

Primary  horsepower 

Salaries  and  wages 

Salaries 

\Vages 

Cost  of  materials , 

Value  of  worlc  done  during 

the  year 

New  vessels  (5  gross  tons 

and  over) 

Ve.ssels  launched. , 

Steel  vessels 

Steam 

Unrigged 

Wooden  vessels 

Steam 

Motor 

Unrigged 

Vessels  building  but  not 

launched 

Steel 

Wooden 

Boats  (less  than  6  gross 

tons) 

All  other  products  includ- 
ing repair  work 


GOVERNMENT  SHIPYAEDS. 


1916 


30 
23,528 
3,464 

20,064 

(') 

$22,232,313 

4,451,210 

17,781,103 

14,077,767 

38,674,491 

8,811,863 

3,376,710 

3,021,645 

2,922,566 

99,079 

355,065 

127,  702 

138,912 

88,451 

5,435,1.53 

5,361,448 

73,705 

351,339 

29,511,289 


1914 


13 
18,328 
2,543 

15,785 

82, 498 

$16, 428, 497 

3, 336, 830 

13,091,667 

11,103,113 

29,217,265 

4,612,311 

1,385,131 

1,298,611 

966,602 

332,009 

88,820 

31,346 

30,097 

25,177 

3,227,180 

3,101,014 

126,166 

175,730 

24,429,224 


12 

16,425 
1,888 

14,537 

32,525 

$15,317,330 

2,646,806 

12,670,624 

9,526,109 

25,872,033 

1,977,977 
166,141 
34,106 


34,106 
122,035 
68,104 


53,931 

1,821,836 
1,821,836 


153,346 
23, 740, 710 


1904 


13,932 
1,728 

12,204 

13,933 

$11,853,239 

2,130,475 

9, 722, 764 

6,731,931 

17,265,469 

3,610,270 
(•) 
(') 


376,250 
13,278,949 


1  Not  reported.  «  Figures  not  available. 

From  1914  to  1916  the  number  of  shipbuilding 
plants  owned  by  the  Federal  Government  more  than 
doubled,  increasing  from  13  to  30.  In  1916,  21  of 
these  plants  were  operated  by  the  Office  of  Chief  of 
Engineers  of  the  War  Department,  8  by  the  Bureau 
of  Yards  and  Docks  of  the  Navy  Department,  and 
1  by  the  Biireau  of  Lighthouses  of  the  Department  of 
Commerce. 

During  1916  these  establishments  gave  employ- 
ment to  an  average  of  20,064  wage  earners,  an  in- 


crease of  4,279,  or  27.1  per  cent,  over  the  number 
employed  in  1914,  and  representing  21.7  per  cent  of 
the  total  number  employed  in  shipyards,  private  and 
Government  combined.  The  value  of  all  work  done 
in  the  Government  shipyards  in  1916  was  $38,674,491, 
an  increase  of  $9,457,226,  or  32.4  per  cent  of  the 
amount  reported  in  1914. 

Nearly  every  item  shows  increases  for  the  different 
periods  covered  by  the  table,  but  the  increases  are 
considerably  greater  between  1914  and  1916  than 
during  any  other  period,  the  only  decreases  during 
this  period  being  in  the  value  of  work  done  during 
the  year  on  unrigged  steel  vessels  and  on  wooden 
vessels  not  l&unched  during  1916.  The  table  shows 
that  in  1916  there  were  constructed  and  launched 
steel  vessels,  both  steam  and  unrigged,  to  the  value  of 
$3,021,645,  and  wooden  vessels,  steam,  motor,  and 
unrigged,  valued  at  $355,065.  This  is  an  increase 
over  1914  of  $1,723,134,  or  132.7  per  cent,  for  the 
former  class,  and  $268,445,  or  309.9  per  cent,  for  the 
latter  class. 

The  work  performed  at  the  several  Government 
shipyards  consisted  of  the  repair  of  naval  vessels,  the 
construction  of  ships,  boats,  signal  apparatus,  and 
buoy  lanterns,  and  the  building  and  repair  of  ma- 
chinery, etc.  It  was  impossible  to  make  a  separate 
presentation  of  each  kind  of  work  done  and  the 
figures  presented  in  Table  3  include,  therefore,  sta- 
tistics that  do  not  properly  pertain  to  shipbuilding  or 
repairing.  The  value  of  ' '  all  other  products  including 
repair  work,"  amoimted  to  $29,511,289  in  1916  and 
represented  76.3  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the 
work  done  during  the  year.  The  corresponding  per- 
centages for  1904,  1909,  and  1914  were  76.9,  91.8, 
and  83.6,  respectively. 


MANUFACTURES. 


This  table  brings  out  the  fact  that  between  1914 
and  1916  there  was  a  great  increase  in  the  construc- 
tion of  steel  vessels  propelled  by  steam  and  a  decrease 
in  that  of  unrigged  steel  vessels.  In  1916  the  value 
of  the  former  class  of  vessels  amoTinted  to  $2,922,566, 
an  increase  over  1914  of  $1,956,064,  or  202.4  per  cent. 
The  decrease  in  the  value  of  the  latter  class  of  vessels 
was  $232,930,  or  70.2  per  cent.  The  largest  relative 
increases  are  shown  in  the  value  of  wooden  vessels 
constructed  and  launched  in  1916,  the  increases  over 
1914  being  as  follows:  Wooden  vessels  propelled  by 
steam,  307.4  per  cent;  propelled  by  motors,  361.5  per 
cent;  unrigged,  251.3  per  cent. 

The  Government  shipyards  did  a  large  amount  of 
construction  work  ia  1916  on  vessels  not  launched 
during  the  year,  the  value  of  such  work  amounting  to 


$5,435,153.  More  than  98  per  cent  of  it  was  done 
on  steel  vessels,  and  nearly  all  on  battleships,  de- 
stroyers, and  submarines,  in  the  three  navy  yards 
located  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  and 
Mare  Island,  Calif. 

Summary  by  states. — Tables  4  and  5  summarize  the 
more  important  statistics  of  the  shipbuilding  industry 
by  states  for  1916  and  1914,  respectively,  the  states 
being  arranged  according  to  the  value  of  the  products. 
Percentages  of  increase  or  decrease  for  the  period  from 
1914  to  1916  are  given  in  the  former  table,  and  for 
each  five-year  period  from  1899  to  1914  in  the  latter 
table.  Some  of  the  states,  for  which  data  can  not  be 
shown  separately  without  disclosing  the  operations  of 
individual  establishments,  ranked  higher  than  some 
of  those  named  ia  the  tables. 


Table  4 

SHIPBXnLDING,  rNCLUDtNO  BOAT  BUILDrUG; 

1916. 

PER  CENT  OF  INCRKASE.l 

STATE. 

Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
Ush- 
ments. 

Wage  earners. 

Value  of  products. 

Value  added  by  manufacture. 

Wage 

earners 

(average 

number) 

1914-1916. 

Value  of 
products 
1914-1916. 

Value 
added 

Average 
number. 

Per 
cent 
distri- 
bution. 

Bank. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent 
distri- 
bution. 

Bank. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent 

distri- 
bution. 

ftank. 

by 
manu- 
facture. 

191(1 

1914 

1916 

1914 

1916 

1914 

1914- 
1916. 

United  States 

1,137 

72,497 

100.0 

1185,852,192 

100.0 

J96,583,362 

100.0 

63.0 

63.4 
23.0 

105.8 
34.9 

115.8 

109.6 

92  8 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

8 
6 

10 
9 

U 

12 
14 
13 
16 
15 

18 
17 
19 
20 
21 

25 
22 
24 
23 
28 

26 
27 
30 
31 

34 
33 
37 

I 
2 
4 
3 

8 

5 

7 
9 
12 
10 

11 
16 
14 
20 
15 

17 
13 
23 
18 
22 

19 
34 
25 
28 
26 

24 
27 
21 
29 

31 
35 

New  York 

200 
78 
SO 
30 
50 

85 
32 
57 
31 
55 

100 
9 
30 
26 
26 

57 
14 
8 
18 
14 

10 

7 
7 

18 
17 

28 
12 
10 
6 

4 
4 
4 
42 

9,928 
7,777 
7,113 
6,440 
5,326 

4,373 
6,059 
3,744 
1,312 
2,225 

1,857 
1,938 
1,250 
1,003 
1,306 

1,172 
616 
541 
598 
250 

184 
216 
202 
118 
168 

115 
141 
26 
17 

43 
25 

13.7 
10.7 
9.8 
8.9 
7.3 

6.0 

7.0 
5.2 
1.8 
3.1 

2.6 
2.7 
1.7 
1.4 
1.8 

1.6 
0.8 
0.7 
0.8 
0.3 

0.2 
0.3 
0.3 
0.2 
0.2 

0.2 
0.2 

m 
(■) 

0.1 

(') 
(') 

10.2 

1 
2 
4 
6 
8 

8 

7 

9 

13 

10 

12 
11 
15 
17 
14 

16 
18 
20 
19 
21 

24 
22 
23 
28 
25 

29 
27 
32 
35 

30 
37 
37 

2 
1 
6 

4 
8 

5 
7 
9 
16 
10 

11 
12 
13 
22 
14 

17 
15 
18 
19 
,21 

20 
33 
23 
28 
26 

24 
27 
25 
32 

29 
35 

31,357,645 
20,311,529 
19,777,911 
16,816,071 
12,205,557 

12,185,354 
12,160,007 
10,829,812 
6,217,274 
5,637,103 

4,882,131 
4.328,002 
3,826,847 
2,915,346 
2,606,767 

1,795,519 

1,523,614 

1,048,578 

760,307 

615,972 

463,069 
454,390 
308,872 
304,578 
279,168 

269,256 
188,640 
83,199 
47,952 

35,143 

33,521 

8,945 

11,674,113 

16.9 
10.9 
10.6 
9.1 
6.6 

6.6 
6.5 
5.8 
3.3 
3.0 

2.6 
2.3 
2.1 
1.6 
1.4 

1.0 
0.8 
0.6 
0.4 
0.3 

0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
0.2 

0.1 

ai 

h 

<■'} 
(«) 
(») 
6.3 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

6 

7 

9 

10 

11 

12 
13 
14 
15 
16 

17 
18 
19 
20 
21 

22 
23 
24 
25 
26 

27 
29 
30 
31 

33 
34 
36 

1 
2 
5 
3 

8 

4 

7 

9 

12 

10 

11 
14 
13 
21 
16 

17 
15 
25 
18 
20 

19 
34 
24 
28 
26 

22 
27 
23 
29 

30 
35 

19,827,785 
10,407,893 
9,533.318 
7,563,887 
6,360,889 

5,252,662 
6,083,255 
4,323,909 
4,980,719 
2,517,300 

2,306,326 
1,732,165 
2,214,902 
1,304,030 
1,572,215 

886,326 
1,122,480 
650,303 
492,244 
306,448 

172,154 
236,448 
172,450 
184,909 
138,849 

150,173 
144,988 
38,200 
35,131 

22,577 

27,140 

5,145 

5,816,142 

20.5 

10.8 

9.9 

7.8 

6.6 

6.4 
6.3 
4.5 
5.2 
2.6 

2.4 
1.8 
2.3 
1.4 
1.6 

0.9 
1.2 
0.7 
0.5 
0.3 

a2 

0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
0.1 

0.2 
0.2 

(') 

(■) 

('! 
(') 
(') 

6.0 

120.9 
71.2 

144.1 
76.3 

17a  0 

119.8 

California 

106.5 
59  5 

P«nnsylvftnia 

162.9 

Massachusetts 

Ohio 

75.7 
159.3 
155.3 

76.4 

157.8 
249.2 
273.3 
99.7 

116.6 
104  5 

Washington 

61.0 

Maine 

Delaware 

79.9 

205.1 

Oregon 

l.niif'rfiina 

Florida 

Rhode  Island 

16.6 

323.4 

277.8 

Illinois 

Texas 

48.8 
-18.2 

9.0 
-8.5 

57.3 
—27.9 

Indiana 

Georgia 

West  Virginia 

Mississippi 

Kentucky 

25.9 
-15.1 

69.2 

Minnesota 

-8.0 

5.9 

North  Carolina 

Iowa 

Tennessee 

Vermont 

All  other  States 

7,414 

1 

'  Percentages  are  based  on  figures  in  Table  35;  a  minus  sign  {— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  where  base  is  less  than  100  for  wage  earners  or  less  than 
HOO.OOO  for  value  of  products  or  value  added  by  manufacture,  or  where  comparable  figures  can  not  be  given. 

•  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent.  . 


New  York,  the  most  important  state  in  the  in- 
dustry, reported  in  1914  nearly  twice,  and  in  1916  just 
double  the  number  ot  estabhshments  as  Maine,  the 
second  state  in  rank  in  this  respect.  In- 1914  the 
seven  states  next  in  rank  in  number  of  establishments 
were  New  Jersey,  Massachusetts,  Florida,  Washing- 
ton, Michigan,  Cahfornia,  and  Maryland  in  the  order 
named;  this  same  order  prevailed  in  1916,  except  that 
Massachusetts  supplanted  New  Jersey  in  third  place, 
Washington  equaled  Florida,  and  Maryland  equaled 


California.  These  nine  states  had  67  per  cent  of  all 
shipbuilding  estabhshments  in  1914,  and  64.2  per  cent 
in  1916.  Although  individually  Maryland  gained 
eight  establishments  and  Massachusetts  gained  one, 
the  nine  states  combined  lost  39  establishments 
between  1914  and  1916.  The  states  making  the  largest 
relative  gains  in  new  shipbuilding  plants  during  this 
period  were  Louisiana,  Maryland,  Kentucky,  Mis- 
sissippi, and  Oregon.  These  five  states  show  an 
increase  of  34  estabhshments. 


SHIPBUILDING. 


Table  5 

SHIPBtnLDINa,  DJCLUDINO  BOAT  BUILDINQ:  1»U. 

PER  CENT  Oy  INCREASE.' 

Num- 
ber 
of 

estab- 
lish- 
ments. 

Wage  earners. 

Value  of  products. 

Value  added  by 
facture. 

manu- 

Wage  earners 
(average  number). 

Value  of 
products. 

Value  added  by 
manufacture. 

Aver- 
age 

num- 
ber. 

Per 

cent 
dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 

Rank. 

Amount. 

Per 

cent 
dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 

Bank. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent 

dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 

Rank. 

1 

I90»-  1904- 
1914    1909 

1 

1899- 
1904 

1909- 
1914 

1904- 
1909 

1899- 
1901 

1909- 
1914 

1904- 
1909 

i 

i 

A 

1 

1899- 
1904 

United  States.... 

1,147 

44.489 

100.0 

188,682.071 

100.0 

»50,085,101 

100.0 

9.8-20.2 

8.6 

«1  9 

-11.4 

11.1 

18.8 

-7.0 

10  3 



New  York 

207 

33 

52 
29 

42 
64 
62 
37 

34 

9 

14 

30 

11 

7 

4 

427 

6,076 
6,324 

4,773 
3,457 
2,879 

2,468 

1.444 

1,261 

614 

696 
226 
168 
125 

90 

14 

14 

13,962 

13.7 
14.2 
10.7 
7.8 
6.6 

6.6 
3.2 
2.8 
1.2 

1.6 
0.5 
0.4 
0.3 

0.2 
31.4 

2 
1 
4 

6 

: 

9 
10 
16 

13 
20 
21 

24 

26 
32 
33 

1 
3 
5 
8 
6 

9 
13 

7 
16 

12 
19 

28 
21 

22 
32 
34 

14.195,298 
11,860,965 
9,539,865 
8,104,033 
4,716,787 

4,621,169 
3,101,446 
2,822,.')57 
1,665,293 

1,254,088 
506.362 
473.524 
317,  111 

221,788 

38,525 

15.840 

25,327,420 

16.0 
13.4 
10.8 
9.1 
5.3 

6.1 
3.5 
3.2 

1.9 

1.4 
0.6 
0.5 
0.4 

0.3 

(') 
(') 
28.6 

1 
2 
3 
5 

7 

8 
9 
10 
12 

13 
19 
20 
22 

26 
29 
34 

1 
2 
5 
8 
6 

9 
13 

7 
15 

12 
21 
28 
20 

22 
31 
33 

9,022,620 
6,224,671 
4,742,590 
4,617,449 
2,808,207 

2,419,339 
2,114,583 
1,563,814 
1,323,092 

802,933 
238,891 
194,874 
169,617 

87,223 

26,257 

11,503 

13,727,538 

18.0 
12.4 
9.6 
9.2 

5.6 

4.8 
4.2 
3.1 
2.6 

1.6 
0.5 
0.4 
0.3 

0.2 
0.1 

O 

27.4 

1 

2 
3 
4 

8 
9 
10 
12 

14 
19 
22 
24 

26 
29 
34 

1 
2 
5 

7 
6 

10 
13 

8 
16 

11 
21 
28 
20 

23 
31 
32 

7.7 

29.9 

34.1 

87.5 

-10.0 

37.8 

94.1 

-46.2 

20.4 

-23.3 

-12.2 

0.1 

-45.4 

16.4 
69.2 
-8.0 

24.3 
34.2 
64.4 
96.1 
-16.9 

27.9 
100.1 
-43.9 
124.4 

-34.0 
35.2 

14:3 
-40.2 

30.3 

60.8 

-28.7 

20.4 
36.6 
36.7 
89.6 
12.6 

43.5 
114.1 
-38.5 
2098 

-25.7 
81.9 

3.0 

7.6 
-32.6 

31.5 

PpTinsylvfinfj^         ,  , 

29  7 

I  California 

OMo 

Mftrvlftn^         ,    , 

-35.3 

7.4 

-22.2 

10.3 

-38.8 

18  3 

•  Washington 

Mir*hig*in 

17.3 
-78.6 

-31.5 
118.4 

69.3 
-83.7 

-32.9 
271.6 

34.3 
-75.6 

15  2 

Connecticut  .. 

220.5 

Wisconsin 

TnHiana 

11  1 

_1«  9 

-21.5 

-49.0 

4.1 

Texas 

Minn^'iots^ 

-40.2 
-42.7 

—6  7' 

-16.0 
-18.2 

10.2 
79.5 

0^    A 

-8.8 
12.6 

72.7 

Kentucky 

36.5 

10. « 

-24.7 

New  Hampshire 

Georgia 

All  other  states 

1  Percentages  are  base 

$100,000  for  value  of  pro 

3  Less  than  one-tenth  < 

d  onfl 
ducts,  c 
)f  1  per 

Suresin 
r  value 
cent. 

Table 
added 

35:  a 
by  I 

minus  slgn(— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  where  base  Is  less  than  100 
nanulacture,  or  wliere  comparable  figures  can  not  be  given. 

for  wage  earners, 

or  less  than 

In  1916  the  value  of  products  for  New  York,  the 
leading  state,  equaled  16.9  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the 
United  States,  as  against  16  per  cent  in  1914,  and 
exceeded  the  value  of  products  for  New  Jersey,  the 
state  second  in  importance,  by  54.4  per  cent;  Cah- 
fornia,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Ohio, 
and  Washington  ranked  next  in  the  order  named. 
New  York  and  New  Jersey  held  the  same  rank  in  1916 
as  in  1914  and  1909,  first  and  second,  respectively. 
Pennsylvania,  which  was  third  in  1914,  fell  to  fourth 
place  in  1916,  and  Massachusetts,  which  was  fourth 
in  1914,  ranked  sixth  in  1916.  California  advanced 
from  eighth  place  in  1909  to  fifth  in  1914  and  to  third 
in  1916,  and  Maryland  from  ninth  in  1909  to  eighth  in 
1914  and  to  fifth  in  1916.  Ohio  and  Washington  held 
the  same  rank  in  1916  as  in  1914,  seventh  and  ninth, 
respectivel)\  These  eight  states  combined  reported, 
in  1916,  73  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products  for 
the  industry  in  the  United  States,  and  71.8  per  cent  in 
the  value  added  by  manufacture. 

An  increase  of  63  per  cent  in  average  niunber  of 
wage  earners  was  reported  for  the  industry  as  a  whole 
in  1916  as  compared  with  1914,  and  an  increase  of  9.8 
per  cent  in  1914  as  compared  with  1909.  Of  the 
states  shown  in  Tables  4  and  5,  the  highest  percentages 
of  gain  in  1914  were  reported  for  Washington  and 
CaUfornia,  amounting  to  94.1  per  cent  and  87.5  per 
cent,  respectively,  while  in  1916  Washington,  Con- 
necticut, Maryland,  and  Cahfornia  each  showed  an 
increase  of  more  than  100  per  cent,  while  the  increase 
for  Oregon  was  much  greater.  The  states  showing 
decreases  in  the  number  of  wage  earners  in  1914  are 
Michigan,  Kentucky,  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Indiana, 
and  Ohio;  and  in  1916,  Iowa,  Indiana,  and  Minnesota. 


The  states  reporting  reductions  in  the  average  num- 
ber of  wage  earners  also  show  decreases  in  the  value  of 
products  and  in  value  added  by  manufacture  for  both 
1914  and  1916,  except  that  for  1914,  as  compared  with 
1909,  Ohio  showed  an  increase  of  12.6  per  cent  in 
value  added  by  manufacture  and  Indiana,  an  increase 
of  35.2  per  cent  in  value  of  products  and  81.9  per  cent 
in  value  added  by  manufacture. 

In  value  of  products,  the  shipbuilding  industry  in 
the  United  States  as  a  whole  showed  an  increase  of 
109.6  per  cent  between  1914  and  1916.  The  per- 
centage of  increase  was  greatest  for  the  state  of  Ore- 
gon, Alabama  following  with  the  next  largest  increase, 
whUe  01  the  states  shown  in  Table  4,  Connecticut, 
Washington,  and  Wisconsin  each  shows  a  gain  of  over 
200  per  cent.  Other  states  prominent  in  the  ship- 
building industry — California,  Maryland,  New  York, 
and  Ohio — each  made  a  gain  of  over  100  per  cent  in 
value  of  products. 

Coast  divisions  and  inland  waters. — Table  6  shows 
for  1916  and  1914  the  more  important  statistics  for  the 
shipbuilding  industry  as  a  whole  and  for  each  of  its 
branches,  by  coastal  areas  and  inland  waters,  desig- 
nated as  North  Atlantic,  South  Atlantic,  Gulf,  Pacific, 
Great  Lakes,  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries,  and 
Other  inland  waters. 

At  both  the  censuses  of  1914  and  1916  over  one-half 
of  the  aggregate  value  of  all  products  of  the  ship- 
building industry  was  reported  by  establishments 
located  in  the  North  Atlantic  division,  which  embraces 
the  Atlantic  seaboard  and  the  navigable  rivers  of 
the  New  England  states,  and  of  New  York,  New 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  and  Delaware.  The  value  of 
products  in  this  division  for  1916  was  $93,307,475, 


8 


MAJNUFACTUKES. 


as  compared  with  $48,897,075  for  1914,  an  increase  of 
.144,410,400,  or  90.8  per  cent.  The  value  of  work 
done  on  steel  vessels  in  this  district  during  1916  was 
more  than  three  and  a  third  times  greater  than  the 
value  of  work  on  wooden  vessels. 

The  Pacific  division,  made  up  of  the  states  of 
California,  Oregon,  and  Washington,  stands  next  in 
rank  in  value  of  products.  This  division  has  advanced 
from  a  position  of  comparatively  small  importance 
to  a  prominent  place  in  the  shipbuilding  industry. 
There  was  an  increase  in  the  total  value  of  products  of 
$21,983,396,  or  190.5  per  cent,  during  the  period 
1914-1916.  Of  the  total  products,  $33,523,069,  re- 
ported for  the  industry  in  this  division  in  1916, 
$26,210,745  was  for  work  on  steel  vessels,  which  is 
nearly  three  times  the  amount  reported  for  the  same 
class  of  products  in  1914. 

The  South  Atlantic  division  includes  Maryland, 
the  District  of  Columbia,  Virginia,  North  Carolina, 
South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  the  east  coast  of  Florida. 
The  total  value  of  shipbuilding  in  this  division  aggre- 
gated $25,501,945  in  1916,  which  was  an  increase  over 
1914  of  $12,537,415,  or  96.7  per  cent. 

The  shipbuilding  industry  in  the  Great  Lakes 
division,  which  is  composed  of  the  territory  bordering 
on  the  Great  Lakes   and   the  St.   Lawrence  River, 


shows  remarkable  development  between  1914  and 
1916.  In  1914  the  value  of  products  for  the  industry 
as  a  whole  was  $9,270,488,  but  in  1916  it  had  advanced 
to  $22,094,456,  an  increase  of  $12,823,968,  or  138.3 
per  cent.  Steel  shipbuilding  was  by  far  the  more 
important  branch  of  the  industry  in  both  1914  and 
1916,  and  in  the  latter  year  contributed  90.2  per  cent 
of  the  value  of  products. 

The  division  designated  "Mississippi  River  and  its 
tributaries"  includes  establishments  located  on  these 
rivers,  while  the  Gulf  division  includes  the  establish- 
ments located  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  on  waters 
tributary  to  the  Gulf,  other  than  the  Mississippi 
River,  in  the  states  of  Florida,  Alabama,  Mississippi, 
Louisiana,  and  Texas.  These  two  divisions  combined 
reported  in  1916  an  aggregate  of  $10,063,777,  an 
increase  over  1914  of  $5,337,732.  In  both  divisions 
the   construction   of   wooden   vessels   predominated. 

The  division  "Other  inland  waters"  includes  the 
establishments,  chiefly  boat-building  plants,  located 
on  inland  lakes  or  rivers  connecting  such  bodies  of 
water.  Establishments  located  on  canals  and  en- 
gaged in  the  building  of  canal  boats  are  included  in 
this  group.  The  value  of  work  done  in  this  division, 
chiefly  on  small  boats,  aggregated  $1,361,470  in  1916, 
as  compared  with  $1,284,260  in  1914. 


Table  6 


Census 
year. 


Number  of  establishments. 

Steel  shipbuilding 

New  construction.. 
Repair  work  only.. 


Wooden  shipbuilding  and  boat  building 

New  construction 

Repair  work  only 

Boats  less  than  5  gross  tons 

Masts,  spars,  oars,  and  the  rigging  o(  vessels  . 


Persons  engaged . 


Steel  shipbuilding. 

Wooden  shipbuilding  and  boat  building. 


Proprietors  and  firm  members 

Steel  shipbuilding 

Wooden  shipbuilding  and  boat  building. 


Salaried  employees 

Steel  shipbuilding 

Wooden  shipbuilding  and  boat  building. 


Wage  earners 

Steel  shipbuilding 

Wooden  shipbuilding  and  boat  building. 


1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
191b 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 


United 
States. 


1,137 
1,147 


109 
79 
72 
46 
37 

133 

1,028 

1,068 

339 

273 

248 
179 
416 
588 
25 
28 

78,333 

48,667 


59,802 
35,664 
18,531 
13,003 


1,103 
1,192 
35 
24 
1,068 
1,168 

4.733 
2,986 
,3,530 
2,132 
1,203 
854 

72,497 
44,489 
56,237 
33,508 
16, 260 
10,981 


COAST  DIVISIONS. 


North 
Atlantic. 


459 

485 


42 
31 
25 
15 
17 
16 

417 

454 

127 

102 

87 

71 

187 

263 

16 

18 

35,604 
25,364 


27, 182 
IS, 872 
8,422 
6.492 


448 
492 
13 
12 
435 
480 

2,442 
1,750 
1,901 
1,266 
541 
484 

32,714 
23,122 
25,268 
17,594 
7,446 
6,528 


South 
Atlantic. 


126 
115 


14 
9 
6 
5 
8 
4 

112 

106 
42 
32 
38 
29 
32 
45 


14,753 

8,213 


12,915 
6,727 
1.838 
1,486 


137 
125 
9 
2 
12S 
123 

799 
351 
660 
271 
1.39 


13,817 
7,737 

12,246 
6,454 
1,571 
1,283 


Gulf. 


2,697 
1,5S0 


1,613 
1.292 


2,483 
1,424 
1,016 
252 
1,467 
1.172 


Pacific. 


133 
137 


119 
125 
69 
57 
20 
14 
27 
49 
3 


12,614 
5.554 


9.714 
4,441 

2,900 
1.113 


123 
149 
1 
2 
122 
147 

631 
340 
473 
273 
158 
67 

11,860 

5,e&5 

9,240 

4,106 

2,620 

899 


INI.AND  WATERS. 


Groat 
Lakes. 


131 
142 


19 
16 
18 
11 
1 
5 

112 
126 
22 
28 
32 
17 
58 
81 


9,567 

5,570 


8,324 
4,465 
1,243 
1.105 


120 
135 
8 
5 
112 
130 

461 
315 
356 
218 
105 
97 

8,986 
5,120 
7,960 
4,242 
1,026 
878 


Mississippi 
River  and 
its  tribu- 
taries. 


101 
75 


92 
69 
37 
16 
23 
16 
31 
36 
1 
1 

2,419 
1,553 


583 

460 

1,836 

1,093 


102 
83- 


102 
83 

201 
105 
76 
39 
125 


2,116 

1,365 

507 

421 

1,609 

944 


Other 
inland 
waters. 


97 
IM 


97 

108 

14 

9 
16 

8 
63 
87 

4 

4 

679 
8.33 


411 
679 
422 


96 
121 


96 
121 


62 
56 


32 

62 
24 

521 
656 


379 
521 
277 


1  Includes  4  establishments  making  boats  under  5  tons,  and  1  making  masts,  spars,  oars,  and  the  rigging  of  vessels. 


SHIPBUILDING. 


Table  6— Continued. 


Census 
year. 


United 
States. 


Capital . 


Steel  shipbuilding 

Wooden  sliipbuilding  and  boat  building. 

Salaries  and  wages 


Steel  shipbuilding 

Wooden  sblpbmlding  and  boat  building. 


Salaries 

Steel  shipbuilding 

Wooden  shipbuilding  and  boat  building. 


Wages 

Steel  shipbuilding 

Wooden  shipbuilding  and  boat  building. 


Paid  for  contract  work.. 


Steel  shipbuilding 

Wooden  shipbuilding  and  boat  building. 


Cost  of  materials.. 


Steel  shipbuilding 

Wooden  shipbuilding  and  boat  building. 


Value  of  products.. 


Steel  shipbuilding 

Wooden  shipbuilding  and  boat  building. 


Work  done  diu-ing  the  year  on  new  vessels.. 

Launched 

Not  launched 


Steel  vessels , 

Launched 

Not  launched.. 


Wooden  vessels 

Launched 

Not  launched.. 


Repair  work  on  vessels . 

Steel  vessels 

Wooden  vessels 


Boats  less  than  5  gross  tons. 

All  other  products 

Value  added  by  manufacture . . . 


Steel  shipbuilding 

Wooden  shipbuilding  and  boat  building. 


1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 


J243,217,869 
156,059,9.38 


209,517,898 
132,712,414 
33,699,971 
23,347,524 

67,526,623 
37,689,965 


53,367,771 

28,752,404 

14,158,8.52 

8,937,661 


6,950,722 
4,  758, 809 
5,347,648 
3,586,612 
1,603,074 
1,172,197 

60,575,901 
32,931,156 
48,020,123 
25,165,792 
12,555,778 
7,765,364 

4,092,789 
531, 779 


3,911,332 
442, 135 
181,457 
89, 644 

89,268,830 
38,590,970 


69,961,072 
29,269,727 
19,307,758 
9,327,243 

185,852,192 
88,682,071 


144,619,111 
66,216,692 
41,233,081 
22,465,379 


101,531,210 
42,545,445 
60,424,700 
27, 126, 809 
51, 10»,  510 
16,418,636 

85,418,006 
36,295,458 
40, 156, 820 
21,540,428 
45,201,186 
14,755,030 

16, 113, 204 
6,249,987 

10,267,880 

5,580,381 

5,846,324 

663,606 

63,508,514 
32,835,212 
44,821,223 
20, 537, 928 
18, 687, 291 
12,297,284 

3, 739, 725 
3,788,689 

17,072,743 
9,512,725 

96,583,362 
50,085,101 


74,658,039 
36,946,965 
21,925,323 
13,138,136 


COAST  DIVISIONS. 


North 
Atlantic. 


$130,407,981 
84,651,9()4 


113,759,845 
71,211,793 
16,648,136 
13,440,171 

33,325,236 
20, 688, 781 


South 
Atlantic. 


$36,444,646 
25,269,023 


32,295,177 

22,863,261 

3, 149, 469 

2, 405,  762 

10, 232, 832 
5,355,9.50 


20,379,108 
15,599,035 
0, 946, 128 
5,089,746 


3,816,617 
2,835,896 
2,926,792 
2,104,968 
8S8, 825 
730, 928 

29,509,619 
17,862,885 
23,452,316 
13,494,087 
6,057,303 
4,358,818 

3,642,561 
378, 500 


3,657,071 

316,533 

85,490 

62,027 

42,804,947 
21,402,078 

32,603,724 
16,138,273 
10,301,223 
5,263,805 

93,307,475 

48,897,075 


71,967,166 
36,039,370 
21,340,309 
12,857,705 


41,770,276 
22,827,958 
16,967,190 
13,542,501 
24,803,086 
9,285,457 

34,670,071 
20,079,161 
11,361,080 
11,162,435 
23,308,991 
8,916,716 

7,100,205 

2,748,807 
5,606,110 
2,380,060 
1,494,095 
308,  741 

39,901,717 
17,527,151 
28,023,310 

9,858,707 
11,938,407 

7,668,444 

1,638,407 
2,074,313 

9,937,015 
6,467,053 

50, 502, 528 
27, 494, 997 


39, 463,  442 

19,901,097 

11,039,086 

7,593,900 


9, 130, 0.S9 

4,  ,528, 100 

1, 102,  743 

827,860 


1,021,030 
463,901 
899, 252 
347,187 
121,784 
106,714 

9, 211, 796 
4,902,049 
8,230,837 
4,180,913 
980,959 
721, 136 

9,378 
3,850 


9,378 
3,850 


11,330,663 

5,694,961 

1,143,910 

703,  714 

25,501,945 
12,964,530 


22,694,150 

11,113,520 

2, 807,  795 

1,851,004 


17,013,871 
8,904,228 
7,918,211 
4,447,050 
9,095,660 
4,517,178 

15,885,032 
8,539,307 
7, 443, 771 
4,074,329 
8,441,801 
4, 464, 978 

1,128,239 

424,921 
474, 440 
372, 721 
653, 799 
52,200 

7,280,260 
3,280,157 
5,757,141 
2,087,200 
1,523,109 
1,192,957 

87,692 
121,414 

1, 120, 132 
598, 731 

13,027,482 

0, 605, 855 


11,363,597 
5, 418, 505 
1,063,885 
1, 147, 290 


Gulf. 


Pacific. 


$0,448,055 
1,960,331 


4,300,259 

709,968 

2,141,790 

1,240,363 

1,746,410 
802, 965 


720,396 

249,  678 

1,020,014 

013,387 


185,580 
109,950 
100,203 
51,264 
79,377 
58,686 

1,560,830 
753,015 
620, 193 
198,314 
940,637 
554,701 

45,067 
32,013 


2,056,320 

433,950 

2,973,783 

1,668,054 


1,683,473 

1,017,254 

1,203,914 

975,094 

479, 5.59 

42,160 

282, 782 
119,900 
180,811 

99,900 
101,971 

20,000 

1,400,691 
897,354 

1,023,103 

876, 194 

377, 588 

22,160 

3,133,206 

995,385 

1,888,057 

(') 
1,245,209 

(') 

67,473 
69,902 

144,891 
20,009 

2,975,775 
1,283,716 


1, 130, 843 
343, 462 

1,844,932 
940, 254 


$28,953,175 
13,184,213 


24,425,454 
11, 178, 169 
4,527,721 
2,006,044 

12,370,568 
6, 161, 176 


9,851,894 

4,295,921 

2,518,604 

855, 255 


882,818 
044, 724 
691,420 
567, 155 
191,398 
77,569 

11,487,740 
4,506,452 
9, 160, 474 
3, 728, 766 
2,327,260 
777,686 

340, 773 
66,900 


273, 702 
60,585 
07,071 
6,321 

18,361,812 
4,588,205 

14,889,674 

3,748,176 

3,472,138 

840,029 

33,523,009 
11,539,673 


20,210,745 
9,376,847 
7,312,324 
2,162,826 


26,335,503 
5,432,480 

14,097,169 
4,134,239 

12,238,404 
1,298,247 

20,797,266 
4,221,113 

11,695,097 
3,063,024 
9,101,609 
1,158,089 

5,538,297 
1,211,373 
2,401,462 
1,071,215 
3,130,835 
140,158 

5,347,079 
4,894,438 
3,909,146 
4,033,590 
1,437,933 
860,848 

298,003 
324,276 

1,542,424 

888,473 

15,161,257 
6,951,468 


11,321,071 
5, 628, 671 
3, 840, 186 
1,322,797 


nitAND  WATERS. 


Great 
Lakes. 


$30,024,371 
26,616,164 


32,910,718 

24,697,843 

3, 107, 653 

1,917,321 

7,649,783 
4,129,980 


6,711,860 

3,430,564 

937,923 

093,  422 


090, 457 
478,355 
566,402 
373,760 
123,995 
104,605 

6,959,326 
3,651,631 
6,146,398 
3,002,814 
813,928 
588,817 

42,984 
6,248 


38,990 


3,994 
6,248 


9,410,573 

2,792,432 

842,599 

748, 241 

22,094,456 
9,270,488 


19,918,911 
7,552,001 
2,175,545 
1,717,887 


13,101,506 
3,112,927 
8,811,204 
3,064,739 
4,290,242 
68,188 

12,703,430 
2,038,339 
8,660,913 
2,025,398 
4, 140, 517 
12,941 

398,076 
474,588 
254,351 
429,341 
143,725 
45,247 

6,465,800 
4,877,278 


476,024 
505,972 

2,051,126 
774,311 

11,835,284 
5,729,815 


10, 502, 338 

4, 760, 109 

1,332,946 

969,646 


Mississippi 
River  and 
its  tribu- 
taries. 


Other 
Inland 
waters. 


$1,. 570, 879 
2,831,203 


1,814,445 
1,139,909 
2, 756, 434 
1,691,294 

1,804,818 
1,027,998 


568,424 

374, 166 

1,236,394 

653,832 


292, 190 
173,663 
157,519 
100, 789 
134,677 
72,774 

1,512,622 
854,435 
410,905 
273,377 

1,101,717 
531,058 

10,045 

41,298 


3,875 

37,902 

0,170 

3,396 


5,034,674 
2,623,435 


1,772,819 
1,020,487 
3,261,855 
1,602,948 


1,560,337 

1,151,894 

1,395,862 

937, 773 

164,475 

214, 121 

1,078,825 
697,648 
918, 548 
516,342 
160, 277 
182,306 

481,512 
454,246 
477,314 
422, 431 
4,198 
31,815 

1,063,853 
1,078,064 


(■) 
(') 

327,655 
163,691 

2,082,829 
229,786 

2,378,014 
1,365,232 


876, 748 

567,614 

1,501,266 

797,018 


$1,368,762 
1,658,040 


'  Figures  not  shown  separately,  to  avoid  disclosure  of  individual  operations. 


911,471 

1,368,762 

646,569 

390,988 
473,109 


269,040 
390,986 
204,069 


03,018 
62,420 


41,499 
63,018 
20,921 

333,968 
410,689 


227,541 
333,968 
183,148 

1,981 
2,904 


1,981 
2,904 

658,448 
590,242 


352,518 
658,448 
237,724 

1,361,470 
1,284,280 


679,905 

1,361,470 

604,355 


66,184 
38,698 
31,100 
35, 413 
35,084 
3,285 


66,184 
38,698 
31,100 
35, 413 
35,084 
3,285 

256,549 
182,739 


256,549 
182,739 

844,411 
529,061 

194,326 
533,762 

703,022 
694,018 


327,387 
703,022 
366,631 


104378°— 19 


10 


MAJNUFACTUKl^JIS. 


During  1916  the  shipbuilding  industry  gave  employ- 
ment to  72,497  wage  earners,  as  compared  with 
44,489,  in  1914.  In  1916  the  North  Atlantic  division 
reported  45.1  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  wage 
earners;  the  South  Atlantic,  19.1  per  cent;  the  Pacific, 
16.4  per  cent;  and  the  Great  Lakes,  12.4  per  cent. 
Nearly  80  per  cent  of  the  wage  earners  were  engaged 
in  the  construction  and  repair  of  steel  vessels. 

Table  7  shows  the  number  of  shipbuilding  establish- 
ments in  the  United  States  for  1916  and  1914,  dis- 


tributed according  to  the  geographic  divisions,  states, 
and  by  coast  divisions  and  inland  waters.  A  number 
of  the  states  reported  establishments  classified  in 
two  or  more  of  the  water  divisions.  For  example, 
Louisiana  reported  estabhshments  classified  in  the 
"Gulf,"  "Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries," 
and  "Other  inland  waters";  and  Pennsylvania  re- 
ported establishments  classified  in  the  "North  At- 
lantic," "Great  Lakes,"  "Mississippi  River  and  its 
tributaries,"   and   "Other  inland  waters"   divisions. 


Table  7 

t». 

NUMBER  Of  ESTABLISHMENTS. 

GEOGRAPmC  DIVlSIOJt 
AND  STATE. 

Census  year. 

NtTMBER  OF  ESTABLISHMENTS. 

1 

1 

Coast  divisions. 

Inland  waters. 

1 

CQ 

1 

•a 

Coast  divisions. 

Inland  waters. 

GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISION 
AND  STATE, 

i 

< 
1 

1 

< 

u 

t. 

•a 

1 

o 

> 

s 

.s-s 

1 
O 

1 

5 

1 

1 

> 

11 

o 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1915 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1,137 
1,147 

240 
252 

459 

485 

126 
115 

90 

S4 

133 
137 

131 
142 

101 
75 

97 
109 

South  Atlantic 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

176 
169 

9 
8 

126 
115 

33 
40 

7 
5 

1 

1 

218 
231 

1 

22 
21 

9 

8 

50 

42 

2 

2 

30 

29 

7 

5 

12 

11 

2 

2 

7 

4 

57 

66 

47 
30 

9 

8 

New  England 

Maryland    

49 
41 
2 
2 
30 
29 

1 

100 

107 

6 

7 

4 

2 

85 

84 

14 

15 

31 

37 

306 
325 

89 
97 

11 
10 
6 
7 
4 
2 
1 
2 

District  of  Colum- 
bia. 

1 

Maine 

New  Hampshire . . . 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 



Vermont 

,. 

7 
6 

Massachusetts 

84 
82 
14 
15 
31 
37 

232 
246 



••■•• 

"12' 
11 
2 
2 

7 

4 

24 

26 





Rhode  Island 





1 

Connecticut 

Florida.. 

1 

39 
44 

10 
10 

25 
25 

33 
40 

21 
16 

1 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

_ 

26 
13 

] 

New  York 

200 
207 
76 
85 
30 
33 

145 
156 

142 
144 
74 
83 
16 
19 

37 
40 

21 

23 

2 

2 

2 

23 

33 

^^ 
3 
1 
2 
3 
3 
5 
8 
13 
17 

19 
24 

1 

17 
11 
4 
3 
8 
4 

18 
12 

44 
31 

4 

17 
10 
4 
3 
1 

New  Jersey 

1 



Pennsylvania 

2 

4 

89 
95 

10 
10 

33 
28 

7 
4 
14 
12 

36 
28 



East  North  Central 

4 

West  South  Central. . . . 

3 
1 

Ohio 

32 
29 
10 
9 
18 
22 
55 
62 
30 
34 

44 
45 

15 
17 

16 
9 
9 
7 
6 

10 

""2 

2 

22 
18 

5 



3 

Indiana 

4 

Illinois 

9 
9 
50 
54 
15 
15 

3 
3 

26 

17 
14 

14 

2 
'     2 

22 
14 
14 
14 

3 
1 

I 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

? 

Idaho 

2 

West  North  Central 

2 
2 

133 
137 

57 
64 
26 
21 
60 
52 

2 

Pacific 

2 

133 
1,37 

2S 

30 

10 

11 

5 

3 

1 

1 

3 
3 

10 
8 
6 
7 
5 
2 
1 
1 

15 
19 
4 
4 

""i 

Minnesota 

Washington 

Iowa 

57 
64 
26 
21 
50 
62 

California 

South  Dakota 

j           1 

1           1 

1 

In  1916  the  North  Atlantic  division  contained  40.4 
per  cent  of  all  the  shipbuilding  plants  in  the  United 
States  as  compared  with  42.3  per  cent  in  1914,  a 
decrease  of  26  establishments  in  two  years.  The 
Mississippi  division  shows  the  largest  relative  increase 
in  the  number  of  shipbuilding  plants,  amounting  to 
26,  or  34.7  per  cent.  There  was  also  an  increase  of 
9.6  per  cent  and  7.1  per  cent  in  the  number  of  estab- 
lishments in  the  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  divisions, 
respectively,  between  1914  and  1916.     In  the  other 


three  divisions,  the  number  of  establishments  shows 
an  aggregate  loss  of  27  plants. 

Persons  engaged  in  the  industry. — Table  8  shows,  for 
1916,  1914,  and  1909,  the  number  of  persons  engaged 
in  the  industry  as  a  whole  and  in  the  two  main 
branches,  classified  according  to  occupational  status 
and  sex,  and,  in  the  case  of  wage  earners,  according  to 
age.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  sex  and  age 
classification  is  an  estimate  obtained  by  the  method 
described  in  the  "Explanation  of  terms." 


SHIPBUILDING. 


11 


Table  8 


INDUSTRY  AND  CLAS.S. 


SHIPBUILDINQ,      INCLCDINQ 
BOAT  BUILDINa. 


Proprietors  and  officials 

Proprietors  and  firm  members . . 
Salaried  oflicers  of  corporations. 
Sui)erlntendents  and  managers . 


Clerks  and  other  subordinate  sala- 
ried employees. 

* 

Wage  earners  (average  number) 

16  years  of  age  and  over 

Under  16  years  of  age 

SHIPBtnLDINa,  STEEL 

Proprietors  and  ofBcials 

Proprietors  and  firm  members. . . 
Salaried  officers  of  corporations. . 
Superintendents  and  managers. . 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 
1916 
1914 
1909 
1916 
1914 
1909 
1916 
UI14 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1918 
1914 
1909 
1916 
1914 
1909 
1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 
1916 
1914 
1909 
1916 
1914 
1909 
1916 
1914 
1909 


PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  THE  INDUSTRY. 


Total. 


78,333 
48,667 
44,949 


2,653 

2,187 

2,471 

1,103 

1,192 

1,463 

399 

323 

367 

1,151 

672 

641 

3,183 
1,991 
1,973 

72,497 

44,489 

40,  .506 

72,097 

44, 288 

40,135 

400 

201 

371 


59,802 
35, 664 
30,041 


1,007 
585 
491 
35 
24 
21 
194 
166 
122 
778 
395 
348 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


77,802 
48,314 
44,597 


2,605 

2,154 

2,447 

1,062 

1,163 

1,440 

394 

320 

386 

1,149 

671 

641 

2,818 

1,765 
1,706 

72,379 

44,395 

40, 444 

71,979 

44, 195 

40, 073 

400 

200 

371 


59,476 
35, 470 
29,890 


1,003 
S82 
491 
33 
22 
21 
193 
165 
122 
777 
395 
348 


531 
353 
352 


365 
226 
266 

118 
94 
62 

118 
93 


326 
194 
151 


Per  cent  of 
total. 


Male. 


99.3 
99.3 
99.2 


98.2 
98.5 
99.0 
96.3 
97.6 
98.4 
98.7 
99.1 
99.7 
99.8 
99.9 
100.0 

88.5 
88.8 
86.5 

99.8 
99.8 
99.8 
99.8 
99.8 
99.8 
100.0 


99.5 

'o.h 

100.0 

99.5 

0.5 

99.5 

0.5 

99.5 

0.5 

99.6 

0.4 

99.5 

0.5 

100.0 

94.3 

5.7 

91.7 

8.3 

100.0 

99.5 

0.5 

99.4 

0.6 

100.0 

99.9 

0.1 

100.0 

100.0 

Fe- 
male. 


0.7 
0.7 
0.8 


1.8 
1.5 
1.0 
3.7 
2.4 
1.6 
1.3 
0.9 
0.3 
0.2 
0.1 


11.5 

11.4 
13.5 

0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
0  2 
0.2 


LNDUSIBY  AND  CLASS. 


smpBHiLDiNG,  STEEL— continued. 

Clerics  and  otiier  subordinate  sala- 
ried employees. 


Wage  earners  (average  number) 

16  years  of  age  and  over 

Under  16  years  of  age , 


SmPBtnLDING,     WOODEN,     IN- 
CLUDING BOAT  BUILDING. 


Proprietors  and  officials 

Proprietors  and  firm  members . . . 
Salaried  offlcers  of  corporations. . 
Superintendents  and  managers. . 


Clerks  and  other  subordinate  sala- 
ried employees. 

Wage  earners  (average  number) 

16  years  of  age  and  over 

Under  16  years  of  age 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


1918 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 
1916 
1914 
1909 
1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 
1916 
1914 
1909 
1916 
1914 
1909 
1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 
1918 
1914 
1909 
1916 
1914 
1909 


PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  THE  INDUSTRY. 


Total. 


2,558 
1,571 
1,407 

56,237 

33,508 

28,143 

55,859 

33,323 

27,794 

378 

185 

349 

18,531 
13,003 
14,908 


1,646 

1,602 

1,980 

1,068 

1,168 

1,442 

205 

157 

245 

373 

277 

293 

625 
420 
665 

16,260 

10, 981 

12,363 

16,238 

10,965 

12,341 

24 

16 

22 


Male. 


2,335 
1,447 
1,302 

56,138 

33,441 

28,097 

55,760 

33,257 

27,748 

378 

184 

349 

18,326 
12,844 
14,707 


1,602 

1,572 

1,956 

1,029 

1,141 

1,419 

201 

155 

244 

372 

276 

293 

483 
318 
404 

16, 241 

10,954 

12,347 

16,217 

10,938 

12,325 

24 

16 

22 


Fe- 
male. 


223 
124 
105 

99 
67 
46 


46 


205 
159 
201 


142 
102 
161 

19 
27 
18 
19 
27 
16 


Per  cent  of 
total. 


Male. 


91.3 
92.1 
92.5 

99.8 
99.8 
99.8 
99.8 
99.8 
99.8 

100.0 
99.5 

100.0 

98.9 
98.8 
98.7 


97.3 
98.1 
98.8 
96.3 
97.7 
98.4 
98.0 
98.7 
99.6 
99.7 
99.6 

loao 

77.3 
75.7 
71.5 

99.9 
99.8 
99.9 
99.9 
99.8 
99. « 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


Fe- 
male. 


a? 

7.9 
7.5 

0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
0.2 


1.1 
1.2 
1.3 


2.7 
1.9 
1.2 
3.7 
2.3 
1.6 
2.0 
1.3 
0.4 
0.3 
0.4 


22.7 
24.3 
28.5 

0.1 
0.2 
0.1 
0.1 
0.2 
0.1 


The  average  number  of  persons  engaged  in  the 
industry  as  a  whole  during  1916  was  78,333  as  com- 
pared with  48,667  in  1914  and  44,949  in  1909.  Of 
these  persons  in  1916,  72,497,  or  92.5  per  cent,  were 
wage  earners;  2,653,  or  3.4  per  cent,  proprietors  and 
officials;  and  3,183,  or  4.1  per  cent,  clerks  and  other 
subordinate  salaried  employees.  Of  the  total  number 
of  persons  employed,  77,802,  or  99.3  per  cent,  were 
males,  and  531,  or  seven-tenths  of  1  per  cent,  females. 
Most  of  the  females  were  clerks,  only  118  being  wage 
earners.  The  average  number  of  boys  under  16  years 
of  age  was  400,  and  nearly  all  of  these  were  employed 


in  steel  shipbuilding.  The  greater  prevalence  of 
individual  ownership  in  the  wooden  ship  and  boat 
building  branch  of  the  industry  is  shown  by  the  fact 
that  5.8  per  cent  of  the  persons  engaged  were  pro- 
prietors and  firm  members,  while  less  than  1  per  cent 
of  the  persons  engaged  in  the  steel  branch  of  the 
Industry  belong  to  this  class. 

Table  9  shows  the  per  cent  of  increase  in  the  num- 
ber of  persons  engaged  in  the  industry,  by  occupa- 
tional status  and  sex,  for  the  periods  1909-1914  and 
1914-1916,  together  with  the,  per  cent  distribution  for 
the  three  censuses. 


Table  9 

PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  THE  INDUSTRY. 

CLASS. 

Per  cent  of  increase.' 

Per  cent  distributiSn. 

1914-1916 

1909-1914 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

1916 

1914 

1909 

1916 

1914 

1909 

1916 

1914 

1909 

AllcMs'^PS 

61.0 

61.0 

50.4 

8.3 

8.3 

0.3 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Proprietors  and  officials 

21.3 
-7.5 
23.5 
71.3 

59.9 

63.0 
62.8 
99.0 

20.9 

-8.7 
23.1 
71.2 

59.7 

63.0 
62.9 
100.0 

61.5 

-11.5 

-18.5 

-12.0 

4.8 

1.0 

9.8 

10.3 

-45.8 

-12.0 
-19.2 
-12.6 

4.7 

3.5 

9.8 

10. 3 

-46.1 

-15.0 

3.3 
1.4 
0.5 
1.5 

4.1 

92.5 

92.0 

0.5 

4.5 
2.4 

0.7 
1.4 

4.1 

91.4 

91.0 

0.4 

5.5 
3.3 
0.8 
1.4 

4.4 

90.1 

89.3 

0.8 

3.4 
1.' 

0.5 
1.5 

3.6 

93.0 
92.5 
0.5 

4.5 
2.4 
0.7 
1.4 

3.6 

91.9 

91.5 

0.4 

5.5 
3.2 
0.8 
1.5 

3.8 

90.7 

89.9 

0.8 

9.0 
7.7 
0.9 
0.4 

68.7 

22.2 
22.2 

9.3 
8.2 
0.8 
0.3 

64.0 

26.6 
26.3 
0.3 

6.8 
6.5 
0.3 

75.6 

17.6 
17.6 

Proprietors  iind  firm  members 

Salaried  officers  of  corporations 

Superintendents  and  managers 

Clerks  and  other  subordinate  salaried  em- 

Wage  earners  (average  number) 

Under  16  years  of  age 

'  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease;  percentages  are  omitted  where  base  Is  less  than  100. 


12 


MANUFACTURES. 


The  total  number  of  persons  engaged  in  the  industry 
increased  by  29,666,  .or  61  per  cent,  during  the  two- 
year  period  1914-1916,  as  compared  with  an  increase 
of  only  3,718,  or  8.3  per  cent,  for  the  five-year  period 
1909-1914. 

The  only  class  of  persons  employed  which  showed  a 
decrease  between  1914  and  1916  was  proprietors  and 
firm  members,  which  decreased  7.5  per  cent.  The 
nmnber  of  salaried  officers  of  corporations  and  of 
superintendents  and  managers  increased  23.5  per  cent 
and  71.3  per  cent,  respectively,  indicating  an  increase 
in  the  size  of  the  establishments  though  the  number 
of  these  decreased  between  1914  and  1916.  Wage 
earners  16  years  of  age  and  over  represented  92  per 
cent  of  the  total  number  of  persons  engaged  in  ship- 
building in  1916,  91  per  cent  in  1914,  and  89.3  per 
cent  in  1909.  Though  the  mmiber  of  wage  earners 
under  16  years  of  age  almost  doubled  between  1914 
and  1916,  they  represented  only  five- tenths  of  1  per 
cent  of  the  total  number  of  wage  earners  in  1916, 
four-tenths  of  1  per  cent  in  1914,  and  eight-tenths  of 
1  per  cent  in  1909. 

Wage  earners  employed,  by  months. — Table  10  pre- 
sents the  total  number  of  wage  earners  employed  in 
the  shipbuilding  industry  on  the  15th  of  each  month, 
or  the  nearest  representative  day,  for  1916,  1914,  and 
1909,  and  the  average  number  employed  during  each 
month  in  1904,  together  with  the  percentage  which 
the  number  reported  for  each  month  forms  of  the 
greatest  number  reported  for  any  month. 

In  1916  the  maximum  number  employed  in  the 
entire  industry  was  85,928  in  December;  in  1914, 
49,567  in  May;  and  in  1909  and  1904,  42,256  and 
53,975,  respectively,  in  April.  The  month  of  mini- 
mum employment  was  January  in  both  1916  and 
1904;  November,  in  1914;  and  February,  in  1909. 
For  the  steel  shipbuilding  branch  the  maximum 
nxunber  was  employed  in  March  in  1914,  in  December 
in  1909,  and  in  April  in  1904,  while  for  the  wooden 
ship  and  boat  budding  branch  of  the  industry  for 
these  years.  May  and  .Tune  were  the  months  of  maxi- 
mum employment.  For_  these  census  years  there 
was  no  general  trend  from  the  season  of  minimum 
employment  to  that  of  maximum,  but  for  1916,  the 
maximum  month  of  employment  for  the  industry  and 
the  two  branches  was  December,  and  an  almost  steady 
increase  in  the  number  employed  is  shown  from  the 
month  of  January  to  December.  This  fact  is  un- 
doubtedly due  to  the  great  acceleration  in  the  ship- 
building industry  due  to  the  war. 


Table  10 


INDUSTBT  AND  MONTH. 


SHIPBUILDtNO,  INCLUD- 
ING BOAT  BUILDINa. 


January . . . 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November . 
December. . 


WAGE  EARNERS  IN  THE  INDUSTRY. 


Nomber.i 


1916        1914        1909        1901 


SHIPBOTLDINQ,  STEEL. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 


smPBuiLDmo, 

WOODEN,   INCLUDINQ 
BOAT  BOTLDINQ. 


January... 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November . , 
December. . 


47,087 
48,674 
51,376 
52,633 
53,809 
55,944 
55,659 
57.257 
59,565 
61,  756 
64,804 
66,399 


12,346 
12,941 
13,406 
15, 168 
16, 348 
17,307 
17,129 
17,002 
17,504 
17,525 
18,  796 
19,529 


36,262 
35, 435 
36,788 
36,636 
36, 773 
36, 222 
34,822 
32,967 
29,808 
28, 743 
28, 107 
29,533 


10,776 
10,341 
11,746 
12,305 
12,  794 
12,388 
11,342 
10,639 
10,062 
10, 419 
9,736 
9,224 


27,831 
26,279 
27,299 
28, 641 
28, 445 
27, 623 
26, 927 
26,  823 
28,  435 
29,415 
29, 449 
30,545 


10,685 
11,286 
12,623 
13, 615 
13,799 
14,067 
13,263 
12,326 
11,848 
11,736 
11,574 
11,530 


36,544 
36,203 
36,687 
38,-255 
37,053 
36,  820 
36, 350 
36,384 
36, 523 
36,712 
36,651 
36,  722 


10,932 

11,587 
13, 295 
15, 720 
16, 891 
16,785 
15,  791 
15,253 
14.691 
13,497 
12,329 
11,393 


Per  cent  o£  maximum. 


1916    1914    1909    1904 


69.2 
71.7 
75.4 
78.9 
81.6 
85.2 
84.7 
86.4 
89.7 
92.3 
97.3 
100.0 


70.9 
73.3 
77.4 
79.3 
81.0 
84.3 
83.8 
86.2 
89.7 
93.0 
97.6 
100.0 


63.2 
66.3 
68.6 
77.7 
83.7 
88.6 
87.7 
87.1 
89.6 
89.7 
96.2 
100.0 


94  9 
92.4 
97.9 
98.7 
100.0 
98.1 
93.1 
88.0 
80.4 
79.0 
76.3 
78.2 


96.3 
100.0 
99.6 
99.9 
98.5 
94.7 
89.6 
81.0 
78.1 
76.4 
80.3 


84.2 

80.8 
91.8 
96.2 
100.0 
96.8 
88.7 
83.2 
78.8 
81.4 
76.1 
7!!.l 


91.1 

88.9 
94.5 
100.0 
99.9 
98.7 
95.1 
92.6 
95.3 
97.4 
97.1 
99.6 


91.1 
86.0 
89.4 
93.8 
93.1 
90.4 
88.2 
87.8 
93.1 
96.3 
96.4 
100.0 


76.0 
80.2 
89.7 
96.8 
98.1 
100.0 
94.3 
87.6 
84.2 
83.4 
82.3 
82.0 


88.0 
88.5 
92.6 
100.0 
99.9 
99.3 
96.6 
95.7 
94.9 
93.0 
90.7 
89.1 


95.5 
94.6 
95.9 
100.0 
96.9 
96.2 
95.0 
95.1 
95.5 
96.0 
95.8 
96.0 


64.7 
68.6 
78.7 
93.1 
100.0 
99.3 
93.5 
90.3 
87.0 
79.9 
73.0 
67.4 


'  The  figures  for  1916, 1914,  and  1909  represent  the  number  employed  on  the  15th 
of  each  month,  or  the  nearest  representative  day;  those  for  1904,  the  average  number 
employed  during  the  month. 

Table  11  gives  the  total  average  number  of  wage 
earners,  and  the  number  employed  on  the  15th  of 
each  month,  or  the  nearest  representative  day,  for 
the  shipbuilding  industry  as  a  whole  and  for  each 
of  its  branches,  for  1916  and  1914.  The  table  also 
shows  for  both  years  corresponding  numbers  for  each 
state  reporting  500  or  more  wage  earners  in  1916. 

In  1914,  the  month  of  maximum  employment  in  13 
of  the  20  states  shown  in  the  table  was  a  spring  or 
early  summer  month  or  during  the  period  from  March 
to  June,  while  in  1916  the  month  of  greatest  activity 
in  15  of  the  20  states  was  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
year — namely,  from  September  to  the  end  of  the  year. 
This  again  reflects  war  conditions  in  1916. 

New  York,  which  ranked  first  in  number  of  wage 
earners  employed  in  1916,  showed  December  as  the 
month  of  maximmn  employment;  New  Jersey,  which 


SHIPBUILDING. 


13 


ranked  second,  and  California,  fourth,  also  re- 
ported the  largest  number  employed  in  December. 
Virginia,  which  ranked  third,  showed  the  maximum 


nvmaber  for  March.  In  1914,  the  maximum  number  for 
New  York  was  employed  in  May ;  for  New  Jersey,  in 
June ;  for  California  and  Virginia,  in  January. 


Table  11 


mCUSIBY  AND  STATE. 


United  States 

Shipbuilding,  steel 

Shipbuilding,  wooden,  including 
boat  building. 

Alabama 

CalUomla 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Illinois 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

Virginia 

Washington 

Wisconsin 


Census 
year. 


1918 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1918 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 


Aver- 
age 
number 

em- 
ployed 
during 
year. 


WAGE  r.ABNERS:  1918  AND  1914. 

[The  month  ol  maximum  employment  is  indicated  by  boldface  figures  and  that  of  minimum  by  italic  figures.  J 


72,497 
44,489 


56,237 
33,508 
16,280 
10,981 


Number  employed  on  15th  day  ol  the  month  or  nearest  representative  day. 


Janu- 
ary. 


S9,4SS 
47,038 


47;087 
36, 262 

IS,  si,e 

10,  776 


Febru- 
ary. 


61,616 
45, 778 


48, 674 
35, 433 
12,941 
10, 341 


541 
464 

S8B 
433 

7,113 
3,457 

4,951 
3,917 

1,312 
514 

976 
406 

1,938 

784 

1,948 
771 

1,172 
489 

1,018 
540 

698 
418 

527 
557 

1,306 
666 

893 

880 

1,857 
1,122 

1,481 
1,101 

5,328 

2,468 

4,999 

2,651 

4,373 
3,944 

4,925 

3,890 

2,225 
1,261 

2,057 
1,023 

7,777 
8,324 

e,t29 
6,291 

9,928 
6,076 

7,909 
6,475 

S,059 
2,879 

4,oos 

3,175 

1,003 
164 

SOO 
163 

6,440 
4,773 

s.ose 

5,261 

618 

581 

616 
544 

7,222 
4,846 

7,068 
5,456 

3,744 
1,414 

1,890 
1,649 

1,250 
895 

866 
623 

493 
453 


5,703 
3,759 


4oe 

1,909 
779 

954 
483 

605 
595 

994 
913 

1,487 
1,139 

4,47S 
2,2?1 

4,483 
3,818 

2,143 
1,301 

8,546 
6,190 

8,381 
5,706 

4,573 
3,431 

500 
209 

5,348 
4,668 

722 


7,401 
6,381 

1,710 
1,717 

993 

730 


March. 


64,782 
48, 634 


61,376 
36,  788 
13,406 
11,  746 


534 
535 

5,865 
3,715 

977 
471 

1,822 
918 

9S4 
503 

618 
513 

971 
904 

1,572 
1,338 

5,040 
2,535 

4,422 
4,394 

2,482 
1,562 

7,078 
6,324 

8,528 
8,359 

4,800 
3,566 

476 
224 

5,751 
5,045 

727 
737 

7,570 

6,002 

2,184 
1,663 

1,153 
947 


April. 


67,801 
48, 941 


52,633 
36,636 
15, 108 
12,303 


422 
445 

6,763 
'3,360 

1,096 
559 

2,066 
976 

1,072 

485 

626 
620 

794 
741 

1,699 
1,341 

5,280 
2,407 

4,605 
4,436 

2,869 
1,745 

7.256 
6,623 

9,649 
6,812 

5,079 
3,443 

472 
197 

5,189 
3,321 

739 
719 

7,514 
4,828 

2,236 
1,698 

1,174 
1,016 


May. 


70, 167 
49,567 


5.3, 809 

36,773 
16,348 
12,794 


395 
480 

6,285 
3,333 

1,095 
594 

2,072 
966 

1,070 
313 

517 
422 

1,063 
684 

1,756 
1,333 

5,211 
2,439 

4,308 
4,537 

2,748 
1,783 

8,053 
6,790 

10, 171 
7,078 

4,998 
3,209 

564 
209 

6,238 
6,629 

704 
762 

7, 659 
4,956 

2,546 
1,639 

1,218 
1,048 


June. 


73,251 
48,610 


35,944 
36,222 
17,307 
12,388 


510 
612 

7,101 
3,739 

1,083 
574 

2,126 
928 

1,097 
451 

516 
396 


616 

1,818 
1,157 

6,281 
2,618 

4,489 
4,709 

2,921 
1,660 

7,632 
6,827 

10,461 
6,832 

5,328 

2,832 

738 
186 

8,640 
5,710 

794 

649 

7,269 
4,853 

3,160 
1,474 

1,310 
919 


July. 


August. 


72,788 
46,164 


65,669 
34, 822 
17,129 
11,342 


463 
431 

7,180 
3,647 

1,567 
560 

1,US 


1,262 
4I6 

667 
411 

1,435 
642 

1,866 
1,155 

5,426 
2,681 

4,244 
4,472 

1,804 
1,430 

7,897 
6,687 

10,523 
5,988 

5,403 
2,890 

797 
156 


3,180 

473 
314 

6,954 
4,949 

3,408 
1,373 

1,353 
691 


74,259 
43,606 


57,257 
32,967 
17,002 
10, 639 


640 
521 

7,433 
3,010 

1,588 
538 


1,255 
473 

BOO 
332 

1,486 
704 

1,979 
1,160 

5,224 
2,638 

4,173 
4,115 

1,872 
1,349 

7,947 
6,259 

10,220 
5,689 

5,412 
2,752 

1,031 
147 

7,154 
4,938 

467 
481 

7,166 
4,961 

3.941 

1,271 

1,336 
613 


Sep- 
tember. 


77,069 
39, 870 


59,565 
29,808 
17,504 
10,062 


582 
462 

7,  875 
S,00o 

1,562 
543 

2,258 
653 

1,263 
434 

383 
261 

1,563 

487 

1,990 
1,068 

3,639 
2,489 

4,079 
3,158 

1,939 
1,148 

8,081 
6,911 

10,424 
S,SS9 

6,298 
2,444 

1,374 
127 

7,169 
4,367 

501 
500 

6,921 
4,728 

4,825 
1,273 

1,314 
SSS 


Octo- 
ber. 


79,  281 
39, 162 


61,756 
28,743 
17,625 
10, 419 


530 

7,953 
3,111 

1,487 
517 

2,037 
671 

1,272 
604 

713 
292 

1,674 
496 

2,123 
970 

6,007 
2,433 

4,024 
2,968 

1,784 
903 

8,536 
3,958 

10,493 
5,733 

5,259 
2,077 

1,638 
122 

7,419 

4,019 

320 
474 

8,788 
4,539 

3,532 
1,182 

1,433 

517 


Novem- 
ber. 


83,600 

S7,843 


64,804 

28,107 

18,796 

9,736 


747 
S7S 

9,026 
3,239 

1,741 
507 

1,883 

588 

1,416 
526 

667 

260 

1,639 

4S0 

2,192 


6,805 
2,263 

4,266 
3,244 

1,896 
796 

8,788 
5,926 

10, 959 
5,646 

5,198 
2,078 

2,002 
141 

7,226 
3,624 

551 

482 

7,071 
4,298 

6,839 

1,126 

1,571 

457 


Decem- 
ber. 


85,928 

38, 757 


66, 399 
29,633 
19,529 

9,224 


762 
403 

9,240 

3,727 

1,703 
507 

2,001 

S47 

1,459 
430 

737 
446 

1,898 
475 

2,341 

8S4 

5,627 

2,171 

4,568 
3,587 

2,172 

4S1 

8,981 
8,092 

11,516 
3,635 

6,389 
2,633 

2,171 

107 

7,180 
S,S14 

578 
4S0 

7,384 
4,218 

6,668 
1,255 

1,479 
501 


Per 
cent 
mini- 
mum 
is  of 
maxi- 
mum. 


69.2 
76.3 


70.9 
76.4 
63.2 
72.1 


50.5 
69.7 


53.6 
78.7 


52.2 
67.7 


64.1 
£6.0 


64.0 
68.9 


67.8 
43.7 


41.8 
49. 3 


62.4 
63.7 


74.5 
81.0 


81.7 
63.0 


61.1 
24.2 


72.7 

86.7 


68.7 
76.7 


74.0 

58.2 


13.8 
47.8 


68.5 
61.5 


58.8 
56.4 


89.7 
77.3 


25.0 
65.6 


42.4 
34.0 


Prevailing  hours  of  labor. — In  Table  12  the  wage 
earners  in  the  industry  as  a  whole,  in  1914  and  1909, 
have  been  classified  according  to  the  number  of  hours 
of  labor  per  week  prevailing  in  the  establishments  in 
which  they  were  employed.  In  making  this  classifi- 
cation the  average  number  of  wage  earners  employed 


during  the  year  in  each  establishment  was  classified 
as  a  total  according  to  the  hours  prevailing  in  that 
establishment,  even  though  a  few  employees  worked  a 
greater  or  smaller  number  of  hours.  Figures  for  1916 
were  not  obtained. 


14 


MANUFACTURES. 


Table  12 


IKDUSTEY  AND  STATE. 


United  States 

Shipbuilding,  steel 


Shipbuilding, 
wooden,  Includ- 
ing boat  build- 
ing. 


California 

Connecticut  — 

Delan'are 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. 

Michigan 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

Ohio 

Pennsylvania. 
Khode  Island. . 

Virginia 

Washington... 
Wisconsin 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


1914 
1909 


AVEBAOE  NUMDF.E  OF  WAGE  EAENERS. 


Total. 


44,489 
40,506 


33,508 
28,143 

10,981 
12,363 


3,457 
1,844 

514 
427 

784 
1,239 

666 
374 

1,122 
1,755 

2,468 
1,793 

3,944 
3,604 

1,261 
2,344 

6,324 
4,869 

6,076 
5,644 

2,879 
3,200 

4,773 
3,558 

581 
535 

4,846 
5,382 

1,444 
744 


14,730 

3,865 


In  establishment   where  the  prevailing 
hours  01  labor  per  week  were— 


48  and 
imder. 


11,928 
1,758 

2,802 
2,107 


649 


185 
74 


3,130 

94 


5,065 
150 

877 
2,271 

9 
3 

344 
378 


Be- 
tween 
4S 
and 
54. 


7,638 
2,674 


6,881 
1,811 

777 
863 


3,035 
228 

i.'iii' 

252 
4 

37 
23 

8 

5 

6 
33 

39 
3 

1,378 
32 

333 

170 

30 
3 

652 
191 

1,009 


11 
16 

4,111 
156 


54. 


12,320 

9,883 


6,900 
4,188 

5,420 
5,695 


1 
1 

1 

u 

13 

1 

4 

351 
272 

2 

45 
4 

7 

61 
400 


209 
266 


746 
1,159 


326 
258 


199 
179 


678 
464 


463 
658 


730 
85 


1,278 

3,725 
2,000 

327 
131 

163 
143 

578 
512 

405 
259 

1,085 
452 

554 

501 


Be- 
tween 
54 
and 
60. 


1,524 
10,045 


7,771 
14,038 


928 
8,810 


596 
1,235 


6,393 
11,576 

1,378 
2,462 


72 

7 
116 

i 

■■"56 

25 
30 

110 


87 
83 

60 
1,265 

91 
1,056 

7 
2,673 

14 
1,093 

1 
340 

173 
160 

794 
375 

118 
2,842 


60. 


Be- 
tween 
60 
and 
72. 


175 


138 

167 


389 
1,161 

35 
2,910 

287 
331 

1,738 
2,675 

37 
39 

1 

22 

4,422 
5,095 

8 
18 

73 

368 


506 
1 


301 


137 


The  figures  in  this  table  emphasize  the  tendency 
toward  the  shortening  of  the  working-day  of  wage 
earners.  During  the  year  1909  only  40.5  per  cent  of 
the  total  ilumber  of  wage  earners  worked  in  establish- 
ments where  the  prevailing  hours  were  54  or  less  per 
week,  while  during  1914,  78  per  cent  worked  in  estab- 
lishments where  these  hours  prevailed.  The  largest 
number  of  wage  earners  employed  by  any  one  group 
of  establishments  in  1909  was  14,038,  or  34.7  per  cent 
of  the  entire  number  employed  in  those  establishments 
which  operated  60  hours  per  week.  In  1914  the  largest 
number,  practically  the  same  proportion  (33.1  per 
cent),  were  employed  in  establishments  operating  48 
hours  or  fewer  per  week.  Some  of  the  states  display 
even  more  remarkable  changes.  In  the  state  of  Maine, 
in  1909,  1.7  per  cent  of  the  wage  earners  worked  less 
than  54  hours  per  week,  while  by  1914  the  proportion 
employed  less  than  54  hours  had  increased  to  61.3  per 


cent.  In  Maryland  wage  earners  in  establishments 
operating  less  than  54  hours  increased  from  5.9  per 
cent  of  the  entire  number  in  1909  to  63.3  per  cent  in 
1914;  in  Massachusetts,  from  7.3  per  cent  to  87.8  per 
cent;  in  New  Jersey,  from  7  per  cent  to  90.4  per  cent; 
and  in  Pennsylvania,  from  15  per  cent  to  93.3  per  cent. 
Maine,  which  in  1909  reported  88.1  per  cent  of  the 
wage  earners  as  working  more  than  54  hours  per  week, 
in  1914  reported  only  20.9  per  cent  as  being  employed 
that  length  of  time;  for  Maryland  corresponding  per- 
centages were  68.2  per  cent  in  1909  and  9.2  per  cent 
in  1914;  for  Massachusetts,  74.4  and  five- tenths  of  1 
per  cent;  for  New  Jersey,  66.7  per  cent  and  six-tenths 
of  1  per  cent;  and  for  Pennsylvania,  81  and  3.2  per 
cent.  In  1909  the  prevailing  hours  of  labor  in  Cali- 
fornia were  between  48  and  54  hours  per  week;  in  1914, 
48  hours  and  under. 

Character  of  ownership. — Table  13  presents  statistics 
concerning  the  character  of  ownership  or  legal  organi- 
zation of  establishments  in  the  shipbuilding  industry 

for  1914  and  1909. 

The  shipbuilding  and  boat-building  plants  owned  by 

corporations  represented  27.3  per  cent  of  the  total 
number  of  establishments  in  1916  as  against  21.1  per 
cent  in  1914,  and  18.3  per  cent  in  1909.  Corporations 
reported,  for  1916,  91.6  per  cent  of  the  total  average 
number  of  wage  earners,  and  92.2  per  cent  of  the  total 
value  of  products,  and  the  corresponding  percentages 
for  1914  were  89.8  and  89.1,  respectively. 

In  all  the  states  shown  in  the  table,  except  Ohio  and 
Washington,  the  nmnber  of  estabhshments  owned 
individually  formed  the  largest  class,  both  in  1916 
and  in  1914,  but  as  in  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  the 
corporations  were  the  most  important.  In  Michigan, 
during  1914,  the  establishments  under  corporate 
ownership  gave  employment  to  a  fraction  less  than  75 
per  cent  of  the  total  average  number  of  wage  earners, 
but  in  1916  the  percentage  thus  employed  increased  to 
nearly  77  per  cent.  In  all  of  the  other  states,  both  in 
1916  and  1914,  the  corporations  employed  more  than 
75  per  cent  of  the  wage  earners,  and  in  California, 
Massachusetts,  New  Jersey,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Rhode  Island  the  proportion  of  wage  earners  em- 
ployed imder  the  corporate  form  of  ownership 
exceeded  90  per  cent  in  both  years.  The  largest 
increase  in  the  proportion  of  wage  earners  employed 
by  corporations  was  in  the  state  of  Washington,  the 
increase  being  from  85.5  per  cent  in  1914  to  95.6  per 
cent  in  1916. 

Maine  was  the  only  state  showing  a  decrease  from 
1914  to  1916  in  the  proportion  of  the  value  of  products 
of  establishments  under  corporate  ownership.  All  the 
states  in  the  table,  however,  showed  that  corporations 
produced  over  75  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  prod- 
ucts, and  California,  Connecticut,  Massachusetts, 
New  Jersey,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  and  Rhode  Island 
showed  a  production  exceeding  90  per  cent  for  both 


SHIPBUILDING. 


15 


years.  Washington,  which  showed  the  largest  in- 
crease in  the  proportion  of  wage  earners  employed  by 
corporations,  also  showed  the  largest  increase  in  the 


proportion  of  total  value  of  products,  the  increase 
being  from  82.3  per  cent  in  1914  to  96.1  per  cent  in 
1916. 


TaMelS 


INDUSTRY  AND  BTATE. 


United  States., 


Shipbuilding,  steel. . 

ShipbulldlnK,  wood- 
en, including  boat 
building. 
California 

Connecticut 

Louisiana 

Maine , 

Maryland , 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

Ohio 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

Washington 

Wisconsin 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


191R 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 

1916 

1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 


NTJMBEB  OF 

ESTABUSUMENTS 

OWNED  BY— 


Indi- 
vid- 
uals. 


630 
695 
824 

"IT 
7 

619 

688 


23 


116 
129 


Cor- 

pora- 


310 

242 
247 


223 

178 


All 

oth- 
ers. 


AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE   EARNER.S. 


Total. 


72,497 
44,489 
40,506 


5«, 236 
33,508 

16,261 
10,981 


7,113 
3,457 

1,312 

614 

1,306 


1,8.57 
1,122 

5,326 
2,468 

4,373 
3,944 

2,225 
1,281 

7,777 
6,324 

9,928 
6,076 

S,a59 
2,879 

6,440 
4,773 

616 
581 

3,744 
1,444 

1,250 
695 


In  e.stabllshraents 
owned  by — 


Indi- 
vid- 
uals. 


3,647 
2,666 
3,660 


618 
189 

3,029 

2,477 


404 
203 


■100 
49 


163 
95 


259 

168 


202 
139 


asi 

175 


160 
148 


830 

697 


123 
131 


Cor- 
pora- 
tions. 


66,442 
39,967 
34,475 


55, 244 
33,019 

11, 198 

6,948 


6,623 
3,171 

1,212 
460 

1,171 
534 

1,452 
893 

4,879 
2,126 

4,115 
3,750 

1,712 
940 

7,495 
6,095 

8,527 
4,935 

4,989 
2,769 

6,282 
4,531 

567 
535 

3,581 
1,234 

1,157 
606 


AU 
oth- 
ers. 


2,408 
1,8.56 
2,371 


374 
300 

2,034 

1,5.56 


242 
134 


188 
174 


132 
146 


122 
81 


571 
444 


35 
111 


114 
115 


Per  cent  of  total. 


Indi- 
vid- 
uals. 


5.0 
6.0 
9.0 


1.1 
0.0 


18.6 
22.6 


5.7 
5.9 


7.6 
9.5 


5.7 
6.8 


8.8 
8.5 


4.9 


4.6 
3.5 


17.1 
13.9 


2.1 
2.3 


8.4 
11.5 


0.7 
2.6 


1.9 
2.7 


7.1 
7.4 


1.3 


1.8 
3.5 


Cor- 
pora- 
tions. 


91.6 
89.8 
85.1 


98.2 
98.5 


68.9 
63.3 


93.1 
91.7 


92.4 
89.5 


89.7 
80.2 


78.1 
79.6 


91.6 
86.1 


94.1 
95.1 


76.9 
74.5 


96.4 
96.4 


85.9 
81.2 


98.6 
96.2 


97.5 
94.9 


92.0 
92.1 


95.6 
85.5 


92.6 
87.2 


All 

otli- 
ers. 


3.3 

4.2 
5.9 


0.7 
0.9 


12.5 
14.2 


1.2 
2.4 


1.0 


4.7 
13.1 


13.0 
11.9 


3.5 
7.1 


1.3 
1.4 


5.9 
11.6 


1.6 
1.3 


5.7 
7.3 


0.7 
1.3 


0.5 
2.3 


0.8 
0.5 


3.0 
8.0 


5.6 
9.4 


VALXm  OF  PBODtTCTS. 


Total. 


41,233,081 
22,465,379 


19,777,911 
8,104,033 

6,217,274 
1,665,293 

2,606,767 
1,080,319 

4,882,131 
2,482,618 

12,205,557 
4,521,169 

12,18.5,3.54 
8,627,481 

5, 637, 1C8 
2,822,557 

20,311,529 
11,860,965 

31,357,645 
14, 195, 298 

12,160,007 
4,716,787 

16,816,071 
9,639,865 

1,523,614 
1,209,372 

10,829,812 
3,101,446 

3,826,847 
1,254,088 


Of  establishments  owned  by- 


Individ- 
uals. 


l,420,6«t 
434,942 

7,428,918 
5, 163, 677 


1,530,807 
550,871 

I  163, 835 
98,255 

127,836 
31,580 

475, 171 
190,833 

483,147 
254,161 

440,007 
330,618 

679,570 
336,488 

322,038 
331,988 

2,326,178 
1,619,349 

83,976 
105,840 

282, 145 
275,820 

88,770 
80,807 

,    118,980 
273,265 

40,019 
50,202 


Corpora- 
tions. 


142,2.55,944 
64,973,326 

29, 105, 323 
14,072,706 


18,036,821 
7,350,730 

6,093,439 
1,553,918 

2,395,786 
956,732 

3,797,229 
2,007,196 

11,268,684 
3,919,507 

11,573,772 
8,139,590 

4,620,709 
2, 134, 864 

19,7.51,940 
11,333,679 

27,394,616 
11,433,607 

12,009,771 
4,537,147 

16,397,417 
9,084,585 

1,421,910 
1,116,634 

10,408,725 
2,551,020 

3,649,285 
1,099,122 


All  others. 


$.5,641,346 
4,037,420 
4,917,433 


942,  .506 
808,424 

4, 698, 840 
3,228,996 


210,283 
202,432 


13,120 

83,145 
92,007 

609,731 
284,489 

453,728 
347,501 

171,575 
157,273 

336,824 
351,205 

237,551 
195,298 

1,636,851 
1,142,342 

66,260 
73,800 

136,509 
179,460 

14,934 
11,931 

304,107 
277, 161 

137,543 
104,784 


Per  cent  of  total. 


Indi- 
vid- 
uals. 


4.8 
«.3 
9.3 


1.0 
0.7 


18.0 
23.0 


7.7 
6.8 


2.6 
5.9 


4.9 
2.9 


9.7 

7.7 


4.0 
5.6 


3.6 
3.8 


12.1 
11.9 


1.6 
2.8 


7.4 
11.4 


0.7 
2.2 


1.7 
2.9 


5.7 
6.7 


1.1 

8.8 


1.0 
4.0 


Cor- 
pora- 


92.2 
89.1 
84.0 


70.6 
62.6 


91.2 
90.7 


97.4 
93.3 


91.9 
88.6 


77.8 
80.9 


92.3 

86.7 


95.0 
94.3 


82.0 
75.6 


97.2 
95.6 


87.4 
80.5 


96.2 


97.5 
96.2 


93.3 
92.3 


96.1 
$2.3 


95.4 
87.6 


AU 
oth- 
ers. 


3.0 
4.6 
6.7 

"Ti 
1.2 

11.4 
14.4 


1.1 

2.5 


0.8 


3.2 

8.5 


12.8 
11. S 


3.7 
7.7 


1.4 
1.8 


5.9 
12.4 


1.3 
1.8 


5.2 
8.0 


0.5 
1.6 


0.8 
1.9 


1.0 
1.0 


2.8 
8.9 


3.6 

8.4 


'  Includes  the  group  "All  others.' 


Classiflcation  according  to  size. — The  tendency  of 
the  industry  to  become  concentrated  in  large  estab- 


lishments   is    indicated   by    the   statistics    given   in 
Table  14. 


Table  14 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCT. 


All  cl:isse3 .... 

Less  than  S.i,000 

15,000  to  120,000 

»20,000  to  5100,000... 
tl00,000  to  51,000,000 
$1,000,000 and  over.. 


Census 
year. 


1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 


Num- 
ber of 

estaiv 

lish- 

ments. 


1,137 
1,147 
1,353 


461 
649 
682 

300 
314 
301 

197 
182 
218 

144 

87 
78 

35 
15 
14 


Aver- 
age 
num- 
ber of 
wage 
earners. 


72, 497 
44,489 
40,606 


Value  of 
products. 


$185, 852, 192 
88,682,071 
73,360,315 


472 
668 
724 

1,764 
1,669 
2,147 

4,364 
4,102 
5,422 

16,827 
11,581 
10,560 

49,070 
26,519 
21,603 


1,019,222 
1,199,088 
1,534,941 

3,101,970 
3,21(1,529 
3,688,013 

9,006,099 
7,910,338 
9,388,497 

42,396,128 
25,230,918 
21,143,086 

130,328,773 
51,118,578 
37,605,778 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture. 


$96,583,362 
50,085,101 
42,145,957 


eS2,  718 

822, 80!i 

1,032,169 

2,015,011 
2,  OiiC,  431 
2,325,787 

5, 132, 024 
4,442,517 
5, 538, 002 

22,343,535 
15, 108,  403 
12,602,776 

66,410,074 
27,644,944 
20,647,223 


VALUE   OF  PRODUCT. 


Per  cent  distribution: 
Less  than  $5,000 

$5,000  to  $20.000 

$20,000  to  $100,000... 

$100,000  to  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  and  over. . 


Census 
year. 


1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 


Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


40.5 
47.9 
50.4 

26.4 
27.4 
26.7 

17.3 
15.9 
16.1 

12.7 

7.6 
5.8 

3.1 
1.3 
1.0 


Aver- 
age 
num- 
ber of 
wage 
earners. 


0.7 
1.3 

1.8 

2.4 
3.8 
5.3 

6.0 

9.4 

13.4 

23.2 
26.0 
26.0 

67.7 
59.6 
63.5 


Value  of 
products. 


0.6 
1.4 
2.1 

1.7 
3.6 
5.0 

4.8 
8.9 
12.8 

22.8 
28.5 

28.8 

70.1 
67.6 
61.3 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture. 


0.7 
1.6 
2.4 

2.1 
4.1 
5.5 

5.3 
8.9 
13.1 

23.1 
30.2 
29.9 

68.8 
55.2 
49.0 


16 


MANUFACTURES. 


Though  there  was  an  actual  decrease  in  the  munber 
of  estabhshments,  the  shipbuilding  industry  shows 
decided  growth  between  1914  and  1916  due  almost 
entirely  to  the  increased  number  and  business  of  the 
large  plants.  The  great  bulk  of  the  value  of  the  prod- 
ucts, 70.1  per  cent  in  1916,  was  reported  by  estab- 
lishments whose  product  was  valued  at  $1,000,000  or 
more,  a  much  larger  proportion  than  in  1914  when 
establishments  of  this  size  reported  57.6  per  cent  of  the 
entire  value  of  product  for  the  industry.  Establish- 
ments reporting  a  product  of  less  than  $5,000  and 
between  $5,000  and  $20,000  decreased  both  numeri- 
cally and  in  importance  between  1909  and  1916. 
"While  there  was  an  increase  between  1914  and  1916  in 


the  number  of  estabhshments  shown  for  the  classes 
reporting  a  value  of  product  between  $20,000  and 
$100,000  and  between  $100,000  and  $1,000,000,  the 
proportions  contributed  by  each  of  these  to  the  totals 
for  the  industry  decreased  for  each  of  the  items 
shown.  The  average  value  of  products  per  estab- 
lishment in  the  United  States  increased  from  $64,220 
in  1909  to  $77,317  in  1914,  and  $163,458  in  1916. 

Classification  by  number  of  wage  earners. — Table  15 
shows  the  size  of  estabhshments  in  the  industry  in 
1916,  1914,  and  1909,  as  measured  by  the  number  of 
wage  earners  employed,  for  the  industry  as  a  whole, 
for  each  branch  separately,  and  for  the  20  leading 
states  in  the  industry. 


Table  IS 


mUUSTBT  AND  STATE. 


United  States. 


Shipbuilding,  steel. 


Shipbuilding,  wooden ,  in- 
cluding boat  building . 


Alabama 

California 

Connecticut... 

Delaware 

Florida 

Ullnois 

Louisiana..... 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. 

Michigan 

New  Jersey.... 

New  York 

Ohio 

Oregon. 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


Wage 
earners 
(average 
num- 
ber). 


1,137 
1,147 
1,353 


109 
79 
53 

1,028 
1,068 
1,300 


26 
17 
25 

100 
107 
156 

50 
42 
46 

85 
84 
115 

55 
62 
91 

76 
85 
97 

200 
207 
255 

32 
29 
39 

26 
21 


72,497 
44, 489 
40,506 


56,236 
33,508 
28,143 

16,261 
10,981 
12,363 


541 
464 


7,113 
3,457 
1,844 

1,312 
514 
427 

1,938 

784 

1,239 

1,172 


418 


1,306 
666 
374 

1,857 
1,122 
1,755 

6,326 
2,468 
1,793 

4,373 
3,944 
3,604 

2,225 
1,261 
2,344 

7,777 
6,324 
4,869 

9,928 
6,076 
5,644 

5,  aw 

2,879 
3,200 

1,003 

164 


ESTABLISHMENTS  EMPLOYING — 


No 
wage 
earn- 
ers. 


146 
170 
192 


145 
170 
192 


lto5 

wage 

earners. 


•a  "J 

■°  5 

"a 


485 
602 
711 


4 
4 
2 

481 
598 
709 


41 

57 

76 
103 
121 

10 
13 
13 

11 
9 


Wage 
earn- 
ers. 


1,024 
1,334 
1,456 


1,008 
1,325 
1,447 


90 


23 
21 
21 

76 
95 
125 

55 
27 
43 

101 
128 

184 

59 

84 
95 

76 
84 
116 

143 
225 
264 

22 
27 
27 

20 
IS 


6  to  20 

.wage 

earners. 


•a  . 
~  is 

CO  O 
1^ 


230 
194 
257 


12 
11 

4 

218 
183 
253 


Wage 
earn- 
ers. 


2,371 
2.157 
2,841 


151 

137 

53 

2,220 
2,020 

2,788 


40 


137 
190 
124 

61 
48 
126 

24 

6 

24 

160 
108 


91 
X23 


42 


111 

224 

128 
237 

67 
127 
68 

145 
144 
171 

113 
66 
118 

115 
135 
124 

406 
362 
724 


21  to  50 
wage 


j3  a 

tsa 


113 
81 
94 


Wage 
earn- 
ers. 


3,515 
2,644 
3,089 


66S 
369 

227 

2,947 
2,275 
2,862 


49 


236 
137 
133 

34 
54 
56 

25 
25 
53 

178 
31 


40 


76 

92 

109 

205 
143 
227 

435 
281 
321 

143 

82 
148 

76 

137 

65 

70 
187 
206 


544 
600 

44 

.TO 

154 

147 
54 


51  to  100 
wage 


Wage 
earn- 
ers. 


5,095 
2,966 
3,632 


1,182 
763 
611 

3,913 
2,203 
3,021 


157 
78 


146 
98 
73 

270 
151 
205 


114 
149 
133 

238 


117 

154 
66 
132 

63 

81 

120 

2.'i6 
315 
312 

399 
335 


1,273 
708 
934 

249 

128 
108 

172 
60 


101  to  250 

wage 
earners. 


■2  2 

^  a 

t«a 

w 


20 


Wage 
earn- 


C5  « 

SB 


295 


563 
303 
502 


166 
214 


172 
121 


ISO 


684 
404 


324 
121 


340 
340 
228 

580 
435 
329 

172 
182 
774 

1,283 

736 
523 

1,061 

7.85 
348 


232 
634 


251  to  500 

wage 
earners. 


Wage 
eam- 


X!  c 
es  « 


7,690 
4,138 
3,355 

6,614 
-3,235 
3,355 

1,076 
903 


377 
332 


756 


322 

'484' 


260 


453 
282 


367 


255 


279 


643 
477 
314 

959 


453 

1,956 
534 

584 

384 
663 
282 


501  to  1,000 

wage 

earners. 


Wage 
earn- 
ers. 


.2  "? 

as  ^ 


6,S02 
5,337 
4,311 


5,937 
4,747 
4,311 

665 
S90 


833 


966 


616 
666 

625 


790 
635 


906 


666 


965 


864 
1,393 

548 

566 
1,728 
1,465 


Over  1,000 

wage 
earners. 


Wage 
earn- 
ers. 


38,570 
21.320 

17,844 

38,  570 
21.320 
17,844 


4,820 
1,999 


1,389 


1,049 

4,285 
1,372 
1,001 

3,062 
3,074 
2,652 


4,875 
3,882 
2,859 

3,529 
1.525 
1,642 

3,731 


1,074 


SHIPBUILDING. 


17 


Table  16— Conttoned. 

Cen- 
sus 
year. 

TOTAL. 

ESTABLISHIIENTS  EMPLOYDJO — 

INDUSTBT  AND  8TATB. 

No 
wage 
eam- 

eis. 

ItoS 

wage 

earners. 

6  to  20 

wage 

earners. 

21  to  60 

wage 

earners. 

81  to  100 

wage 
earners. 

101  to  250 

wage 
earners. 

251  to  500 

wage 
earners. 

SOI  to  1,000 

wage 

earners. 

Over  1,000 

wage 

earners. 

Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 

Wage 
earners 
(average 
num- 
ber). 

£>  a 

o  a 

Is 

w 

Wage 
earn- 
ers. 

Wage 
earn- 
ers. 

is 

Wage 
earn- 
ers. 

So 
S| 

Wage 
earn- 
ers. 

Wage 
earn- 
ers. 

si 

Wage 
earn- 
ers. 

Wage 
earn- 
ers. 

I2 
11 

Wage 
earn- 
ers. 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

30 
33 
31 

14 
15 
13 

30 
29 
36 

57 
64 
60 

30 
34 

52 

6,440 
4,773 
3,558 

616 

581 
635 

7,221 
4,846 
5,382 

3,744 

1,444 

744 

1,260 

695 
906 

4 
3 

2 

3 

1 

1 
1 
2 

8 
13 

8 

1 
2 
5 

7 
15 
12 

5 
9 

7 

15 
16 
25 

18 
31 
28 

16 
20 
33 

18 
45 
26 

11 

17 
18 

40 
46 
68 

34 
81 
57 

2S 
33 

.'i9 

8 
6 

7 

i 

3 

5 
6 
4 

15 
14 
18 

6 

7 
8 

70 
94 
70 

19 
33 
47 

58 
54 
31 

165 
135 
201 

59 
93 
83 

3 
3 
2 

2 
1 

1 

3 
1 
1 

5 
4 
4 

3 
2 
3 

88 
126 
61 

53 
36 
36 

88 
25 
21 

176 
135 
124 

107 

■      65 

82 

4 
3 
3 

276 
244 
199 

2 
2 
3 

1 

1 

318 
213 
366 

156 
134 

1 

967 

4,703 
4,051 
2,502 

i 

334 

377 
361 
343 

Bbode  Island 

1 

2 
3 
3 

6 

1 
1 

2 

1 

91 

113 
219 
197 

470 

75 
75 

194 

98 

Vlr^nla 

3 
1 

341 
103 

6,581 
4,399 

5,065 
1  695 

Washington 

3 

353 

951 

1,018 

287 

862 
264 

Wisconsin 

1 
2 

142 
406 

1          274 

■ 

Considering  the  "total  for  all  states  there  were  146 
establishments  in  operation  during  1916  in  which  no 
wage  earners  were  employed,  as  compared  with  170 
in  1914  and  192  in  1909.  In  some  cases  a  few  wage 
earners  were  employed  for  short  periods,  but  the 
periods  were  so  short  and  the  numbers  so  small  that 
in  computing  the  average  number  as  described  in  the 
"Explanation  of  terms,"  no  wage  earners  could  be 
shown. 

Of  the  total  number  of  wage  earners,  60,492,  or  83.4 
percent,  in  1916;  35,388,  or  79.5  per  cent,  in  1914;  and 
29,488,  or  72.8  per  cent,  in  1909  were  reported  by  estab- 
lishments which  employed  more  than  100  wage  earners. 
The  most  important  group  at  each  census  was  that 
comprising  establishments  which  employed  more  than 
1,000  wage  earners.  This  group  reported  53.2  per 
cent,  47.9  per  cent,  and  44.1  per  cent  of  the  total - 
number  of  wage  earners  in  1916,  1914,  and  1909,  re- 
spectively. It  is  noteworthy  that  of  the  establish- 
ments employing  more  than  1,000  wage  earners  in 
1916,  three  were  located  in  Ohio  and  two  each  in  Mary- 
land, New  Jersey,  and  New  York,  although  the  three 
largest  were  in  California,  Pennsylvania,  and  Virginia. 
The  group  of  establishments  which  employed  from 
one  to  five  wage  earners  shows  a  decrease  both  in 
number  of  establishments  and  number  of  wage  earners 
in  1916  as  compared  with  1914  and  1909.  Each  of 
the  groups  of  establishments  employing  from  6  to  100 
wage  earners,  increased  both  in  number  of  establish- 
ments and  in  number  of  wage  earners  between  1914 
and  1916,  although  these  groups  decreased  between 
1904  and  1914.  The  states  showing  the  largest  per- 
centage of  increase  between  1914  and  1916  in  the  num- 
ber of  wage  earners  employed  in  the  shipbuilding 
plants  were  Oregon,  511.6  per  cent;  Washington,  159.3 
percent;  Connecticut,  155.3  per  cent;  Delaware,  147.2 
percent;  Florida,  193.7  per  cent;  and  Maryland,  115.8 
per  cent. 

104378°— 19— .3 


Engines  and  power. — Table  16  shows,  for  1914, 1909, 
and  1904,  for  the  industry,  the  number  and  horsepower 
of  engines  or  motors  employed  in  generating  current 
(including  electric  motors  operated  by  purchased 
current).  It  also  shows  separately  the  number  and 
horsepower  of  electric  motors  operated  by  current 
generated  in  the  establishments  reporting.  This 
information  was  not  called  for  on  the  schedule  for 
1916. 

The  total  primary  horsepower  used  in  the  shipbuild- 
ing and  the  boat-building  industry  increased  47.6  per 
cent  between  1904  and  1914.  Owned  power  shows  a 
proportional  decrease  from  96.7  per  cent  in  1904  to 
73.7  per  cent  in  1914,  due  to  the  relative  increase  of 
the  use  of  rented  electric  power,  which  increased  from 
3  per  cent  in  1904  to  26.1  per  cent  in  1914.  The  pro- 
portion which  the  power  generated  by  steam  engines 
and  turbines  formed  of  the  total  oAvned  primary  power 
shows  a  decrease  from  94.3  per  cent  in  1904  to  69  per 
cent  in  1914.  The  use  of  power  generated  by  internal- 
combustion  engines  shows  a  marked  increase,  from 
2.3  per  cent  in  1904  to  4.6  per  cent  in  1914.  The  pro- 
portion of  the  power  generated  by  water  wheels, 
turbines,  and  motors  did  not  differ  from  one  cen- 
sus to  another,  the  percentage  of  the  total — one- 
tenth  of  1  per  cent — being  the  same  for  each  census 
period. 

Rented  power,  which  formed  3.3  per  cent  of  the  total 
power  used  in  1904,  increased  to  26.3  per  cent  of  the 
total  in  1914.  Since  the  census  of  1904,  electricity 
has  assumed  an  increasingly  important  place  in  the 
shipbuilding  industry.  The  total  horsepower  of  elec- 
tric motors  in  use  in  1914  amounted  to  66,275,  a  little 
over  one-half  of  which  represented  the  power  of  mo- 
tors nm  by  current  generated  in  the  establishments 
reporting.  Table  37  shows  for  1914  the  amount  of 
each  of  the  several  kinds  of  power  iised  in  each  of  the 
states. 


18 


MANUFACTURES. 


Table  16 


Primary  power,  total. 


Owned 

Steam  engines  and  turbines  • 

Internal-combustion  engines 

Water  wlieols,  turbines,  and  motors . 


Bented 

Electric. . 
Other.... 


Electric 

Rented 

Generated  by  establisliments  reporting 


NDMBEB  or  ENOmES  OB 
MOTOBS. 


1914 


2,999 


1,338 

831 

502 

5 

1,661 
1,661 


3,989 
1,661 
2,328 


1909 


1,960 


1,416 

991 

420 

5 

644 
544 


2,266 

544 

1,722 


1904 


1,359 


1,20() 

1,015 

182 

9 

153 
153 


1,290 

153 

1,137 


HOESEPOWEB. 


Amomit. 


1914 


115,333 


83,029 

79,599 

5,336 

94 

30, 304 

30,085 

219 


66,275 
30,085 
36,190 


1909 


78, 769 

75,180 

3,503 


9,294 

9,264 

30 


35,334 
9,264 
26,070 


1904 


78,127 


75,529 

73,657 

1,785 

87 

2,598 

2,367 

231 


17, 030 
2,367 
15,263 


Per  cent  distribution. 


1914 


100.0 


73.7 

69.0 

4.6 

0.1 

26.3 
20.1 
0.2 


100.0 
45.4 
54.6 


1909 


100.0 


89.4 

85. 4 

4.0 

0.1 

10.6 
10.6 
(') 


100.0 
26.2 
73.8 


1904 


100.0 


96.7 

94.3 

2.3 

0.1 

3.3 
3.0 
0.3 


100.0 
13.4 
86.6 


'  Figures  for  horsepower  include  lor  1909  and  1904  the  amount  reported  under  the  head  of  "other"  owned  power. 


'  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


The  states  which,  in  1914,ranked  highest  with  respect 
to  the  amount  of  power  used  in  the  shipbuilding  indus- 
try were  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Ohio  in  the  order  named.  The  total  horsepower  re- 
ported for  these  four  states  in  1914  was  48,963,  or  42.5 
per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  United  States.  Although 
steam  was  the  power  most  commonly  used  in  all  the 
states,  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  reported  more 
rented  electric  power  than  any  other  kind  and  New 
York  also  reported  a  large  amount  of  power  derived 
from  internal-combustion  engines. 

Fuel. — Table  17  shows  for  1914  the  kind  and  quan- 
tity of  fuel  used,  for  which  data  were  obtained,  for  the 
industry  as  a  whole  and  for  16  of  the  leading  states. 

Bituminous  coal  was  the  principal  fuel  used  in  the 
shipbuilding  industry,  251,820  tons  being  consumed  in 
1914.  The  largest  amount  was  reported  for  New  Jer- 
sey, which  state  also  reported  the  largest  consumption 
of  anthracite  coal.  California  reported  78,596  barrels 
of  oil,  or  63.9  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity  of  this 


kind  of  fuel  consumed  in   the  industry,  whUe  Ohio 
reported  95.6  per  cent  of  all  the  gas  used. 


Table  1 7 


United  States. 


California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . . 

Michigan 

New  Jersey 

New  Yorli 

Ohio 

Pennsylvania. . . 
Rhode  Island... 

Virginia 

Washington 

Wisconsin 

Another  states. 


SHIPBUILDING,  INCLUDING  BOAT  BUrLDING:    1914. 


Coal. 


Anthra- 
cite 
(long 
tons). 


13,441 


15 

91 

512 

4 

19 

481 

326 

19 

6,179 

4,255 

64 

140 


5 

49 

1,125 


Bitumi- 
nous 
(short 
tons). 


251,820 


175 

2,227 

7,209 

740 

4,871 

19,677 

28,652 

22,594 

36, 101 

23,347 

24, 434 

33,877 

4,582 

23,693 

61 

5, 762 

13,818 


Coke 
(short 
tons). 


10, 548 


108 

451 

34 

1 

364 

350 

410 

1,397 

639 

1,851 

1,552 

9 

2,984 

190 

39 

169 


Oil, 
including 
gasoline 
(barrels) 


122,929 


78, 596 

317 
3,471 
1,452 

254 
1,205 

475 
2,290 
7,170 
2,657 
4,174 

245 

43 

6,804 

11,679 

113 
1,984 


Gas 
(1,000  cu- 
bic feet). 


404,785 


30 
112 

167 


140 

370 

237 

194 

520 

5,741 

387,074 

219 

82 

660 


9,239 


SHIPBUILDING. 


19 


SPECIAL  STATISTICS. 


Statistics  covered  and  terms  used. — The  schedules 
Tised  in  collecting  the  statistics  of  shipbuilding  required 
a  detailed  statement  of  the  number,  kind,  and  tonnage 
of  vessels  launched;  the  number,  kind,  and  value  of 
boats  built ;  and  a  statement  of  the  value  of  the  differ- 
ent kinds  of  work  done.  These  statistics  were  col- 
lected for  the  years  1914  and  1916.  For  1914  addi- 
tional information  regarding  the  repair  facilities  of 
shipyards  was  required. 

In  explanation  of  the  terms  gross  and  net  tons,  it 
should  be  stated  that  gross  tonnage  is  the  total  internal 
cubic  capacity  of  a  vessel,  expressed  in  tons  of  100 
cubic  feet  each,  while  net  tonnage  is  the  internal 
cubical  capacity  remaining  after  deductions  have  been 
made  from  gross  tonnage  for  quarters  of  officers  and 
crew,  for  boilers,  machinery,  and  coal  bunkers,  and  for 
navigation  and  other  purposes.  Net  tonnage,  there- 
fore, may  be  regarded  as  that  portion  of  the  vessel 
which  is  available  for  passengers  and  cargo.  Tonnage 
measurements  are  not  altogether  uniform  among  mari- 
time nations,  but  vary  with  the  laws  of  the  nation 
imder  which  registry  is  made.  Displacement  tonnage, 
which  is  used  in  stating  the  size  of  vessels  of  the 
United  States  Navy,  differs  from  gross  and  net  tonnage 
as  applied  to  merchant  vessels,  and  is  merely  the 
weight  of  the  volume  of  water  displaced,  equivalent, 
of  course,  to  the  weight  of  the  vessel.  The  tonnage  of 
vessels  of  the  United  States  Navy,  as  given  in  the 
statistics,  is  always  displacement  tonnage.  While 
gross  tonnage  and  displacement  tonnage  are  not  by 
any  means  the  same,  it  is  necessary  to  combine  the 
tonnage  of  vessels  whose  capacity  is  reckoned  in  one 
way  with  that  of  vessels  whose  capacity  is  reckoned 
by  the  other  method  in  order  to  obtain  a  total  which 
should  represent  approximately  the  total  tonnage 
laimched  during  the  year. 

In  the  tables  which  follow,  gross  tonnage  is  shown 
for  1916  and  1914  unless  otherwise  specified,  and  the 
statistics  do  not  include  the  products  of  Government 
shipyards  nor  the  subsidiary  products  of  establish- 
ments in  other  industries  unless  specifically  stated. 

Vessels  and  boats. — Table  18  shows  the  number  and 
gross  toimage  of  all  vessels  launched  during  the  census 
years  1916,  1914,  1909,  and  1904  and  distinguishes 
three  classes  of  establishments  reporting  for  1914,  1909, 
and  1904,  and  two  classes  of  establishments  for  1916. 
In  many  cases  a  large  part  of  the  work  on  vessels 
launched  during  the  census  years  was  done  in  prior 
years,  and,  on  the  other  hand,  much  work  was  done 
during  each  census  year  on  vessels  which  were  not 
laimched. 


In  1914,  1909,  and  1904  shipbuilding  statistics  were 
collected  as  a  part  of  the  quinquennial  census  of  manu- 
factures for  these  years'  and  include  data  for  vessels 
and  boats  built  by  establishments  engaged  primarily 
in  other  lines  of  manufacture  and  hence  not  classed  as 
shipbuilding,  whereas  the  census  of  1916  did  not 
cover  other  raanufacturing  industries  but  was  limited 
to  the  shipbuilding  industry  proper.  The  statistics 
for  1916,  therefore,  are  those  of  establishments  en- 
gaged primarily  in  ship  and  boat  building  and  repairs, 
and  include  Government  shipyards  but  do  not  include 
any  ships  or  boats  that  may  have  been  built  in  estab- 
lishments designated  as  "Private  establishments  in 
other  industries."  The  number,  as  well  as  the 
tonnage,  of  .vessels  launched  by  these  private  estab- 
lishments is  relatively  small,  the  tonnage  amounting  to 
only  3  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1914, 2.6  per  cent  in  1909, 
and  3.1  per  cent  in  1904. 

The  decliue  in  shipbuilding  during  the  10-year 
period  from  1904  to  1914  is  clearly  brought  out  by  the 
fact  that  there  was  a  decrease  in  number  and  tonnage 
of  both  steel  and  wooden  vessels  of  5  tons  and  over. 
The  depression  in  the  shipbuilding  industry  dm-ing 
this  10-year  period  was  somewhat  relieved  by  1916, 
as  the  table  shows  an  increase  in  1916  over  1914 
both  in  number  and  tonnage  of  vessels  launched. 

The  total  gross  tonnage  of  vessels  laimched  in  1916 
by  private  establishments  in  the  shipbuilding  indus- 
try was  734,108,  an  amount  exceeding  that  launched 
in  1914  by  309,048  gross  tons,  or  72.7  per  cent.  The 
construction  of  steel  vessels,  which  decreased  both  in 
number  and  in  gross  tonnage  between  1909  and  1914, 
shows  a  great  increase  between  1914  and  1916,  the 
increase  being  104,  or  82.5  per  cent,  in  number  of 
vessels  built,  and  242,901,  or  practically  100  per  cent, 
in  gross  toimage.  The  tonnage  of  the  steel  vessels 
amounted  to  66.2  per  cent  of  the  total  tonnage 
laimched  by  private  establishments.  The  year  1916 
also  shows  an  increased  activity  in  the  building  of 
wooden  vessels,  the  period  between  1909  and  1904 
having  been  one  of  depression  in  the  wooden  ship- 
building industry.  The  number  of  wooden  vessels 
launched  decreased  from  1,426  in  1909  to  987  in  1914, 
and  the  gross  toimage  of  these  from  212,233  to  182,101, 
but  in  1916  there  was  a  gain  over  1914  of  160  in  num- 
ber and  66,147,  or  36.3  per  cent,  in  gross  tonnage. 
The  number  of  small  power  boats  of  less  than  5  tons 
built  in  1916  was  3,606,  as  compared  with  3,706  in 
1914,  8,577  in  1909,  and  3,499  in  1904. 


20 


MANUFACTURES. 


Table  18 

Census 
year. 

NUHBEB 

AUD    QK09S 

TONNAGE    OT   VESSELS   LAUNCHED    DmUNG 
NUMBER  OF  POWER  BOATS. 

TBE    TEAB,     Ain> 

cuas. 

All  establishments. 

Private  establish- 
ments in  the  ship- 
building industry. 

Private  establish- 
ments in  other 
industries.' 

Government 
shipyards. 

• 

Number. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Number. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Displace- 
ment 
toimaga 

1916 
1914 
1909 
1904 

1916 
1914 
1909 
1904 

1916 
1914 
1909 
1904 

1916 
1914 
1909 
1904 

1916 
1914 
1909 
1904 

1916 

1914 

1909 

2  1904 

1916 
1914 
1909 
1904 

1916 
1914 
1909 
1904 

1916 
1914 
1909 
1904 

1,463 
1,255 
1,637 
2,279 

772,167 
455,567 
481,813 
728,104 

1,377 
1,113 
1,584 
2,114 

734,108 
425,060 
467,219 
678,525 

86 
48 
31 
31 

38,059 
16,853 
2,069 
27,252 

94 
22 
134 

13,654 
12,535 
22,327 

Classified  by  materials: 

Steel 

244 
215 
169 
172 

1,219 
1,040 
1,468 
2,107 

518,858 
288,870 
260,765 
352,669 

253,309 
186, 697 
221,048 
375,435 

230 
126 

158 
152 

1,147 

987 

1,426 

1,962 

485,860 
242, 959 
254,986 
328,411 

248,248 
182, 101 
212, 233 
350,114 

14 

20 

3 

17 

72 
28 
28 
14 

32,998 

16,119 

350 

23,860 

5,061 

734 

1,709 

3,402 

\ 

69 
8 
3 

9,792 

5,429 

408 

1 

25 

14 

131 

3,862 

7,106 

21,919 

Classified  by  power: 

Steam 

206 
148 
194 
320 

434 
382 
447 
311 

62 

66 

68 

352 

62 
40 
51 

472,597 
243,011 
235,315 
368, 117 

30,316 
10,867 
9,413 
3,247 

30,625 
6,575 
2,652 

68,615 

15,456 
2,224 
14,807 

186 
139 
181 
308 

403 
370 
445 
307 

62 

68 

68 

349 

62 
40 
51 

442,354 
234,636 
234,633 
349,600 

29,866 
10,821 
9,389 
3,157 

30,625 
2,  799 
2,6.'i2 

64,615 

15,456 
2,224 
14,807 

20 
9 

10 
6 

31 
8 

30  243 

8!  376 

• 
Motor 

3 

6 

429 

467 

253 

18,050 

450 

4 
2 

4 

6 
24 
90 

40 

1 

8 

3,776 

1 

3 

4,000 

Unrigged 

699 

619 

877 

1,296 

223,173 
192,890 
219,626 
288,125 

664 

506 

839 

1,150 

215,807 
174,580 
205,738 
261,153 

35 
31 
21 
22 

7  366 

82 

17 

124 

9,872 
12,082 
21.770 

8,438 
1,806 
5,202 

3,710 
4,618 
9,042 
3,916 

3,606 
3,706 
8,577 
3,499 

104 
54 
63 
52 

758 
412 
365 

'  Not  reported  in  1916. 

Of  the  1,377  vessels  of  all  kinds  launched  by  private 
establishments  in  the  industry  in  1916,  186  with  a 
total  gross  tonnage  of  442,354  were  steam  vessels, 
an  increase  of  47  over  the  number  and  207,718  over 
the  gross  tonnage  of  steam  vessels  launched  in  1914. 
Motor  craft  launched  in  1916  were  403  and  the  gross 
tonnage  was  29,866.  Sailboats,  both  with  and  without 
auxiliary  power,  show  an  increase  in  number  laimched 
and  gross  tonnage  between  1914  and  1916. 

Establishments  in  the  industry  show  the  increase  in 
average  gross  tonnage  of  vessels  launched  in  1916,  as 
compared  with  those  of  1914.  The  increase  in  the 
average  tonnage  of  steam  vessels  amoimted  to  690 
tons,  or  40.8  per  cent;  that  of  motor  craft  from  an 
average  of  about  29  gross  tons  to  74,  while  the  average 
tonnage  of  sailboats  with  auxiliary  power  in  1916  was 
more  than  ten  times  the  average  of  48  gross  tons 
shown  for  1914.     Sailboats  without  auxiliary  power 


2  Includes  sail,  without  auxiliary  power. 

also  show  an  increase  in  average  tonnage  from  about 
56  tons  in  1914  to  nearly  250  in  1916. 

Unrigged  craft,  although  declining  in  both  number 
and  tonnage  of  vessels  launched  from  1904  to  1914, 
shows  a  decided  increase  from  1914  to  1916. 

The  number  of  vessels  of  5  tons  and  over  launched 
in  Government  shipyards  in  1916  was  almost  double 
the  number  launched  in  1914  and  the  total  tonnage 
more  than  double.  Of  the  86  vessels  launched  14 
were  steel  vessels  and  72  wooden.  The  total  tonnage 
of  steam  vessels  launched  in  Government  shipyards 
increased  more  than  260  per  cent  between  1914  and 
1916. 

Table  19  shows,  for  private  establishments  in  the 
shipbuilding  industry,  the  number  of  vessels  launched 
and  the  gross  tonnage  and  the  number  of  power  boats 
built  of  less  than  5  tons,  for  1916  and  1914,  by  coast 
divisions  and  inland  waters. 


SHIPBUILDING. 


21 


Table  19 


Vessels  launched  dtirlnR  the  year,  S  gross  tons  and  over: 
Number 

Gross  tonnage 

Steel: 

Number 

Gross  toimage 

Wooden: 

Number 

Gross  tannage 

Steam: 

Number 

Gross  tonnage 

Motor: 

Number 

Gross  tonnage 

Sail,  with  auxiliary  power: 

Number , 

Gross  tonnage , 

Sail,  without  auxiliary  power: 

Number 

Gross  tonnage 

Unrigged: 

Number 

Gross  tonnage 

Power  boats  latmched  during  the  year  of  less  than  5  gross  tons 


Census 
year. 


1916 
1914 
1916 

1914 


1918 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 


1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 
1916 
1914 


1916 
1914 


NtnJBEB   AND  GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  VESSELS    LAUNCHED,   AND  NUHBEB  OF    POWER    BOATS. 


United 
States. 


1,377 

1,113 

734,108 

425,060 


230 

126 

485,860 

242,959 

1,147 

987 
248,248 
182, 101 


186 

139 

442,354 

234,636 

403 

370 

29,866 

10,821 

62 

58 

30,625 

2,799 

62 

40 

15,456 

2,224 

664 

506 

215,807 

174,580 


3,606 
3,706 


Coast  divisions. 


North 
Atlantic. 


597 

401 

280,249 

174,632 


64 

41 

136,909 

108,042 

533 

360 

143,340 

66,590 


58 

44 

126,319 

104,100 

170 

123 

7,052 

2,221 

31 

35 

2,854 

1,748 

33 

18 

9,395 

1,844 

305 

181 

134,629 

64,721 


South 
Atlantic. 


138 

99 

128,614 

69,286 


27 

21 

108,929 

60,114 

111 

78 

19,685 

9,172 


22 

18 
95,897 
57,544 

38 

33 

13,960 

593 

3 

3 

1,420 

56 

1 

2 

75 
64 

74 

43 

17,262 

11,029 


1,946 
1,265 


143 
206 


Gulf. 


S7 

126 

18,507 

23,733 


7 

6 

1,990 

1,931 

80 

120 

16,517 

21,802 


7 

4 

2,652 

415 

22 

28 

466 

1,909 

12 

2 

4,595 

72 

12 

5 

2,298 

194 

34 

87 

8,496 

21, 143 


Paclflc. 


223 

231 

134,086 

41,112 


20 

15 

102.119 

23,973 

203 

216 

31,967 

17, 1.39 


33 

22 

111,404 

28,890 

123 
132 

7,315 
4,996 

9 

16 

9,985 

835 

15 

15 

1,368 

122 

43 

47 

4,014 

6,269 


152 

127 


191 

363 


Inland  waters. 


Great 
Lakes. 


89 

82 

121, 134 

43,251 


57 

21 

118,600 

39,929 

32 

61 

2,534 

3,322 


102,464 

38, 8U 

22 

39 

479 

972 

7 

3 

11,771 

90 

1 

■""2,' 320' 


13 

11 

4,100 

3,378 


Missis- 
sippi 
River 
audits 
tribu- 
taries. 


234 

153 

50,593 

71,612 


55 

22 

17,313 

8,970 

179 

131 

33,280 

62,642 


20 

20 

3,618 

4,798 

24 

8 
549 


412 

541 


190 

125 

46,426 

66,728 


Other 
inland 
waters. 


9 
21 

925 
1,434 


9 

21 

925 

1,434 


78 

4 
7 
45 
44 


5 
12 

880 
1,312 


462 
427 


300 

777 


The  North  Atlantic  division  ranked  first  in  1916 
and  1914,  both  in  gross  tonnage  and  in  the  number 
of  vessels  launched.  There  was  constructed  in  this 
division  in  1916,  43.3  per  cent  of  all  the  vessels  built 
in  the  United  States,  comprising  38.2  per  cent  of  the 
total  tonnage,  as  compared  with  36  and  41.1  per  cent, 
respectively,  in  1914.  There  was  an  increase  in  1916 
over  1914  in  the  gross  tonnage  of  steel  and  wooden 
vessels  launched  in  the  North  Atlantic  division,  the 
increase  being  26.7  per  cent  and  115.1  per  cent, 
respectively. 

There  were  six  establishments  in  the  South  Atlantic 
division  which  constructed  27  steel  vessels  of  108,929 
gross  tons  during  1916.  The  vessels  built  in  this 
coast  district  were  of  much  greater  tonnage  per  vessel 
than  those  constructed  in  the  North  Atlantic  division. 
The  higher  average  tonnage,  4,034,  was  caused  by 
one  estabUshment  building  8  vessels  of  nearly  8,000 
tons  each.  There  was  a  great  increase  in  the  size  of 
motor  vessels;  in  1916,  38  such  craft  were  launched 
with  an  average  tonnage  of  367,  as  compared  with  33 
built  in  1914  with  an  arerage  of  18  gross  tons. 

In  the  Gulf  division  the  table  shows  for  1916,  as 
compared  with  1914,  a  decrease  in  number  and  tonnage 
of  vessels  launched.     In  1916  there  were  87  vessels  of 


all  kinds  launched  as  compared  with  126  in  1914,  a 
decrease  of  39.  In  the  later  year  the  total  gross  ton- 
nage of  vessels  laimched  was  18,507,  as  compared 
with  23,733  in  the  earlier  year,  a  decrease  of  5,226 
tons,  or  22  per  cent.  The  decrease  in  the  number  and 
tonnage  of  vessels  launched  was  chiefly  due  to  the 
smaller  number  and  tonnage  of  unrigged  craft  built 
and  does  not  necessarily  indicate  a  decline  in  ship- 
building activities,  for  Table  6,  shows  that  the  number 
of  wage  earners  employed  in  1916  and  the  value  of 
work  done  in  the  Gulf  district  exceeded  that  of  1914. 
The  Pacific  division,  which  holds  an  important 
position  in  the  shipbuilding  industry,  has  made  rapid 
progress  since  1904,  at  which  time  California  held 
fifth  place  among  the  states  in  the  value  of  products ; 
Oregon,  twenty-first;  and  Washington,  twelfth  place. 
Although  there  was  a  slight  decrease  in  the  number  of 
vessels  buUt  from  1914  to  1916,  there  was  a  large 
increase  in  tonnage  launched.  The  total  gross  tonnage 
of  all  classes  of  vessels  constructed  in  this  division 
in  1916  was  134,086,  an  increase  over  1914  of  92,974, 
or  226.1  per  cent.  The  relative  increase  in  tonnage  of 
steel  vessels  launched  during  the  same  period  was  even 
greater,  amounting  to  326  per  cent.  While  there 
were  only  5  more  steel  vessels  laimched  on  the  Pacific 


22 


MANUFACTURES. 


coast  in  1916  than  in  .1914,  there  was  a  large  increase 
in  the  mean  tonnage  per  vessel,  from  1,598  to  5,106 
tons.  This  large  increase  in  tonnage  per  vessel  was, 
ia  a  measure,  due  to  the  fact  that  10  steel  vessels 
for  the  coastwise  or  foreign  trade,  with  an  average 
tonnage  of  7,494,  were  constructed  by  one  establish- 
ment in  California.  In  total  tonnage  launched  in 
1916  this  division  holds  second  place,  being  outranked 
only  by  the  Xorth  Atlantic  division. 

The  steel  tonnage  launched  in  the  Great  Lakes 
division  in  1916  was  118,600,  or  197  per  cent  greater 
than  that  launched  in  1914.  The  number  and  gross 
tonnage  of  steam  vessels  bmlt  show  increases,  between 
1914  and  1916,  while  decreases  are  shown  for  motor 
vessels.  In  1914  three  sail  vessels  with  auxiliary 
power,  having  an  average  gross  tonnage  of  30,  were 
built  in  this  district,  but  in  1916  seven  such  vessels 
were  constructed  with  an  average  tonnage  of  1,682. 

The  number  and  gross  tonnage  of  steel  vessels 
launched  dm-ing  1916  on  the  Mississippi  River  and  its 


tributaries  were  much  greater  than  in  1914.  In  1916, 
55  steel  vessels  with  a  gross  tonnage  of  17,.313  were 
launched  as  compared  with  22  vessels  with  a  total 
gross  tonnage  of  8,970  in  1914.  In  1916  the  same 
number  of  steam  vessels  was  built  in  this  division  as 
in  1914,  but  the  total  tonnage  was  1,180  less.  Motor 
craft  were  the  only  class  showing  an  increase  between 
1914  and  1916,  in  both  number  and  average  tonnage. 

No  steel  vessels  were  constructed  either  in  1914  or 
1916  in  "Other  inland  waters"  and  only  9  wooden 
vessels  were  buUt  in  1916  with  a  gross  tonnage  of  925 
and  these  were  motor  and  unrigged  vessels.  There 
was  a  relatively  large  number  of  small  power  boats 
under  5  gross  tons  constructed,  in  1916,  in  this  divi- 
sion, but  the  number,  300,  was  477  less  than  the  num- 
ber constructed  in  1914. 

Table  20  shows  the  number,  class,  gross  tonnage, 
and  place  where  launched  of  aU  steel  vessels  built  in 
the  United  States  in  1916,  exclusive  of  Government 
vessels. 


Table  20 

LOCATION  OF  SHIPYAED. 

STEEL  VESSELS  LADNCHEB:   1916. 

Total. 

steam 

Motor. 

Sail. 

Unrigged. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tonnage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tonnage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tonnage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tonnage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tonnage. 

Total    - 

230 

485,860 

126 

424,791 

25 

13,200 

8 

14,191 

71 

28,678 

Mobile      

1 
3 

1 

10 
2 

12 
2 
1 
1 
5 

2 
1 
1 
1 
5 

9 

'8 

1 
10 

15 
2 
2 
9 
2 

4 
2 
1 
3 
5 

4 
8 
6 
5 
6 

39 
2 

1 
9 

1 

1 
2 

1 

6 
2 

70 

2,250 

4,823 

74,939 

795 

14,998 

318 

1,586 

2,029 

1,018 

165 
28 
30 
80 
4,199 

13,881 

31,952 

204 

38,646 

36,566 
940 
400 

25,285 
762 

276 

284 

50 

1,624 

1,844 

7,910 

8,860 

792 

37,542 

11,743 

14,624 
11,200 

186 
36,890 

500 

128 

54 

190 

62,778 

20,107 

755 

2.320 

9,259 

1 

1 

1 

10 

70 

1,250 

4,823 

74,939 

2 

1,000 

Oakfand 

San  Francisco 

2 

3 

1 

795 

482 
60 

Delaware 

Wilmington     ...                 

6 

1 
1 
1 
5 

13,532 

258 

1,566 

2,029 

1,018 

3 

984 

Tampa 

Illinois  .. 

Chicago 

Indiana 

Jeffersonville                               

1 
1 
1 

15 
28 
30 

1 

150 

Kentucky 

. .  BowKnz  Green 

Louisiana 

....  Harvey 

Violet 

1 
2 

81 

Maivr 

Bath 

3 

4 
8 

2,599 

836 
31,952 

1,600 

5 

13,045 

Sparrows  Point 

Boston 

Quincy 

Detroit 

Ferrysburg 

Massachusetts 

1 
3 

204 
1,870 

7 
12 

36.776 
35,618 

IbCRIOAN 

3 
2 

2 
6 

948 

940 

400 

Camden 

Eliza  bethport 

3 

2 

2 

1 
1 

19,  .539 
762 

26 

269 

50 

5,726 

New  Yobk 

Buffalo 

2 

250 

city  Island            .    .. 

1 

15 

Newburgh 

3 

1,624 

Port  Richmond 

Ashtabula 

Cleveland 

Elm  wood 

5 

4 

7 

1,844 

7,910 
6,540 

1 

2,320 

6 

792 

5 

37,512 

Toledo 

6 

11,743 

Pennsylvania  . 

Ambridge 

39 

14,624 

Chester 

2 
1 
8 
1 

11,2' K) 
186 

36,330 
500 

Philadelplua  

1 

560 

Pittsburgh 

Bristol .      . 

1 

128 

Texas  

. .  Beaumont 

2 
1 

54 
190 

Galveston 

8 

5 
2 
6 
2 

62,778 

19,695 

75.5 
2,320 
9,259 

Seattle 

G  reen  Bay 

Manitowoc 

Superior 

1 

412 

1 

SHIPBUILDING. 


23 


The  greatest  tonnage,  74,939,  was  launched  in  San 
Francisco,  Calif.,  and  the  second  greatest  tonnage  in 
Newport  News,  Va.  While  San  Francisco  holds  first 
place  in  aggregate  tonnage,  the  vessels  launched  in 
Ne^vpo^t  News  were  of  larger  average  tonnage,  the 
figures    being    7,494    and    7,847,    respectively.     For 


these  two  places  was  reported  28.3  per  cent  of  the 
total  steel  tonnage  launched  in  the  United  States  in 
1916. 

Table  21  shows,  by  coast  divisions  and  inland  waters, 
steel  vessels  launched  during  1916,  classified  according 
to  screw  and  stern  wheel. 


Table  21 

STEEL  POWER  VESSELS  LAUNCHED:   1W6. 

Total. 

Screw. 

Stem  wheel. 

DIVISION. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

. 

Num- 
ber. 

Toimage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Toimage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Toimage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tonnage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tonnage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Toimage. 

United  States  ... 

126 

424,791 

25 

18,200 

117 

422  99Q 

24 

18,172 

9 

1,792 

1 

28 

North  Atlantic 

38 
21 

2 
17 
41 

7 

122,921 
95,824 

1,636 
100,707 
101,999 

1,704 

10 

6 
4 
3 

3,366 

13,105 

274 

1,412 

38 

21 

1 

17 

40 

122,921 
95,824 
1,566 
100,707 
101,981 

10 
6 
4 
3 

3,366 

13,105 

274 

1,412 

South  Atlantic ...  . 

Gulf 

1 

70 

Pacific 

Great  Lakes 

1 
"7 

18 
1,704 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries. 

2 

43 

1 

is 

1 

28 

Other  inland  waters 

'  Includes  1  steam  vessel  propelled  by  side  wheel  and  3  catamarans  propelled  by  center  wheel. 


Of  tlie  126  steam  and  25  motor  equipped  vessels, 
117  steam  and  24  motor  were  screw  propelled;  5 
steam  and  1  motor  were  propelled  by  stem  wheel  and 
1  steam  was  propelled  by  side  wheel,  while  3  steam 
were  center  wheel  catamarans  built  in  JeffersonviUe, 
Ind.,  for  use  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Table  22  shows  by  coast  divisions  and  inland  waters 
the  gross  toimage  of  vessels  launched  during  1914  and 
1916,  according  to  the  service  in  which  vessels  are  to 
be  used.  In  this  and  the  following  tables  data  does 
not  include  the  products  of  Government  shipyards. 

The  bulk  of  the  shipbuilding  in  the  United  States 
has  heretofore  been  the  tonnage  built  for  the  domestic 
and  coastwise  trade,  which  combined,  represented 
70.7  per  cent  of  the  entire  toimage  launched  in  1914, 
and  65.9  per  cent  in  1916.  Notwithstanding  an  in- 
crease of  574.1  per  cent  over  1914,  the  tonnage  of 
vessels  constructed  primarily  for  the  foreign  trade 
represents  but  a  small  proportion  of  the  entire  output 
of  the  shipyards,  or  29.2  per  cent  in  1916.  The  domes- 
tic water  transportation  of  the  United  States  is  con- 
fined to  vessels  constructed  and  owned  in  the  United 
States.  Shipbuilding  for  this  trade  amounted  to  43.8 
per  cent  of  the  total  construction  in  1916. 

The  Commissioner  of  Navigation,  in  his  annual 
report  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1916,  says: 


"Of  the  steel  tonnage  under  construction  in  the 
United  States,  American  builders,  according  to  their 
returns  to  the  Bureau  of  Navigation,  before  June  30, 
1917,  will  launch  326  ships  of  998,035  gross  tons. 
In  that  event  the  product  of  American  yards  will 
exceed  that  of  all  foreign  yards  outside  of  the  United 
Kingdom  combined,  and  will  probably  exceed  the 
output  of  the  British  yards."  * 

In  1914  the  North  Atlantic  division  built  41.1  per 
cent  of  the  total  tonnage  constructed  in  American 
shipyards,  but  in  1916  only  38.2  per  cent.  The  Pacific 
division,  which  ranked  fifth  in  total  tonnage  launched 
in  1914,  held  second  place  in  1916.  The  largest 
amount  of  tonnage  constructed  for  the  foreign  trade 
in  1916  was  built  in  the  shipyards  located  in  the  Pacific 
division,  43.8  per  cent  of  the  total.  In  1914  the  South 
Atlantic  division  led  all  others  in  this  respect.  In 
1916  the  largest  amount  of  domestic  tonnage  was 
built  in  the  North  Atlantic  division,  the  amount  buUt 
in  the  Great  Lakes  division  closely  following,  and  these 
two  divisions,  combined,  built  73.6  per  cent  of  the  total 
output  of  domestic  tonnage.  Over  one-half  of  the 
coastwise  tonnage  was  also  constructed  in  the  North 
Atlantic  division  in  1916. 

'  Report  of  Commissioner  of  Navigation,  1016,  p.  19. 


24 


MANUFACTURES. 


Table  22 

Census 
year. 

GKOSS  TONNAGE  OF  VESSELS  LAUNCHED. 

CHAKACTEK  OF  SEBYICB. 

United 
States. 

Coast  divisions. 

Inland  waters. 

North 
Atlantic. 

South 
Atlantic. 

Gulf. 

Panific. 

Great 
Lakes. 

Mississippi 
River  and 
its  tribu- 
taries. 

Other 
inland 
waters. 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

1916 
1914 

734,108 
425,060 

280,249 
174,632 

128,614 
69,286 

18,507 
23,733 

134,086 
41,112 

121,134 
43,251 

50,593 
71,612 

925 

1,434 

214,582 
31,832 

161,894 
48,952 

321,722 
251,606 

3,858 
2,747 

16,267 
71,655 

6,527 
3,769 

9,258 
14,499 

38,581 
13, 149 

88,194 
1,456 

131,977 
92,067 

1,481 

65,092 
18,448 

46,282 
26,035 

15,864 
20,619 

1,845 
100 

8,647 
643 

7,767 
22,587 

114 

279 

15 

93,939 
135 

18,771 
20,818 

13,398 
11,287 

2,062 
2,417 

2,662 
2,982 

77 
115 

3,177 
3,358 

14,525 

Domestic 

104,937 
42,932 

201 
51 

50 

46,869 
60,718 

910 

1,396 

G0Vf>mTT*PT't,  ....                                              

9,965 
63,540 

4,170 
2,722 

5,881 
1,098 

133 
3,113 

503 

641 

140 
430 

3,442 
2,020 

282 
6 

59 

1,421 
268 

15 

17 

Another 

60 
124 

8,868 

21 

485,800 
242,959 

130,909 
108,042 

108,929 
60,114 

1,990 
1,931 

102,119 
23,973 

118,600 
39,929 

17,313 
8,970 

209,323 
31,412 

131,959 
45,367 

12.5,799 
86,558 

37,a59 
12,904 

80,995 
844 

7,150 
28,521 

65,692 
18,448 

43,144 
24, 150 

33 
14,602 

91,247 

14,525 

7,820 
20,373 

Domestic    

1,990 
1,894 

102,755 
39,929 

13,871 
659 

893 



•   ' 

Govemnient 

15,521 
71,121 

2,403 
1,109 

855 
7,392 

248,248 
182, 101 

9,357 
63,540 

1,083 
1,109 

465 
1,064 

143,340 
60,590 

60 
2,854 

2,662 
2,707 

3,442 
2,020 

1,320 

All  other 

390 

37 

16,517 
21,802 

0,291 

33,280 
62,642 

19,685 
9,172 

31,967 
17,139 

2,534 
3,322 

925 

1,434 

5,259 
420 

29,935 
3,585 

195,923 
105,048 

3,858 
2,747 

746 
534 

4,124 
2,660 

8,403 
7,107 

722 
185 

7,199 
012 

124,827 
03,540 

1,481 

1,845 
100 

8,647 
643 

5,777 
20,693 

114 
279 

15 

2,692 
135 

10,951 
445 

13,398 
10,394 

2,062 
2,417 

i 

3,138 
1,885 

15,831 
5,957 

2,182 
3,003 

201 
51 

50 

32,998 
60,059 

910 

Fishing 

1,396 

608 

73 
259 

503 
641 

140 
430 

275 

77 
115 

2,787 
3,358 

Pleasure 

3,087 
1,613 

5,416 
634 

59 

101 
268 

282 
6 

15 

17 

60 

87 

2,577 

21 

SHIPBUILDING. 


25 


Table  23  shows,  by  classes,  the  number  and  gross 
tonnage  of  vessels  launched  during  1916  grouped  ac- 
cording to  tonnage. 

The  group  "Less  than  100  gross  tons,"  contains  44.3 
per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  vessels  launched  and 
only  2.4  per  cent  of  the  tonnage,  while  the  group 
"3,000  gross  tons  and  over"  (3,000  tons  being  virtually 


the  minimum  tonnage  for  overseas  trade)  shows  only 
5.4  per  cent  of  the  number  but  54.2  per  cent  of  the 
tonnage  launched  in  1916.  In  the  first  group  men- 
tioned, but  18  of  the  vessels  were  constructed  of  steel, 
while  in  the  group  having  the  tonnage  of  3,000  and  over, 
all  were  of  metal  construction,  no  wooden  vessels  of 
this  size  being  built  during  1916. 


Table  23 

VES,SELS  LAUNCHED— ORODPED   ACCOEDINQ  TO  TONNAGl!:   1916. 

CLA83. 

Total. 

Less  than  100 
gross  tons. 

100  but  less  than 
500  gross  tons. 

500  but  less  than 
1,000  gross  tons. 

1,000  but  loss  than 
3,000  gross  tons. 

3,000gros3  tons  and 
over. 

Number. 

Tons. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tons. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tons. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tons. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tons. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tons. 

All  vessels.... 

1,377 

230 

1,147 

734,108 
485,860 
248,248 

610 

18 

592 

17,878 

890 

16,988 

503 

95 

408 

144,561 
29,493 
115,068 

141 
21 
120 

97,797 
15,099 
82,698 

49 
22 
27 

75,920 
42,426 
33,494 

74 
74 

397,952 
397,952 

Steel 

Wooden 

589 
151 
438 

124 

8 

116 

664 

71 

593 

472,220 
442,991 
29,229 

46,081 
14,191 
31,890 

215,807 
28,678 
187, 129 

407 

17 

390 

77 

9,943 

810 

9,133 

1,869 

69 
36 
33 

13 

1 
12 

427 

58 

16,337 
10,277 
6,060 

2,332 

128 
2,204 

119,747 
19.088 

18 
10 
8 

17 

13,127 
6,689 
6,438 

11,921 

21 
14 

7 

17 
7 
10 

11 

1 
10 

34,861 
27,263 
7,598 

29,959 
14,063 
15,896 

11,100 

1,100 

10,000 

74 

74 

397,952 
397,952 

Steel 

Wooden 

SaU 



Steel 



Wooden 

77 

126 

1 

125 

1,869 

6,066 

80 

5,986 

17 

100 
11 

95 

11,921 

68,894 
8,410 
64,339 



Unrigged 

.... 

Steel 

Wooden 

363           106.804 

' 

1 

Table  24  gives,  by  states,  the  total  number  and  gross 
tonnage  of  all  vessels  of  5  tons  and  over  launched  in 
1916,  1914,  and  1909  by  establishments  in  the  ship- 
building industry,  exclusive  of  Government  shipyards. 


Table  24 


United  States. 


California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Illinois 

Kentuclcy 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts.. 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

New  Jersey 

New  Yorli 

Nortli  Carolina. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania... 

Texas 

Virginia 

Wasliington 

Wisconsin 

All  other  states. 


VESSEU  LACNCHED. 


1916 


Num- 
ber. 


1,377 


118 
18 
44 
45 
4 
65 
40 
45 


7 

17 

75 

337 

8 

54 

36 

128 

12 


Tonnage 
(gross). 


734,108 


89,108 

3,365 

25,472 

6,614 

2,058 

16,163 

11,974 

15,486 

57,767 

42,484 

38,340 

1,446 

2,358 

33,752 

111,709 

2,268 

74,320 

11,652 

71,836 

2,265 

a?,  943 

33,326 

13,436 

2,966 


1914 


Num- 
ber. 


11,113 


19 
10 
22 
4 
51 
73 
43 
58 
45 
21 
4 
13 
65 

220 
11 
35 
41 
66 
29 
24 

102 
29 
SO 


Toimage 
(gross). 


425,060 


31,500 

1,995 

6,624 

1,141 

85 

40,000 

17,501 

3,072 

36,961 

32,056 

12,405 

1,195 

1,420 

57,866 

49,911 

7.30 

36,824 

2,495 

30,533 

4,293 

31,538 

7,117 

3,048 

14,750 


1909 


Num- 
ber. 


« 1,584 


45 
16 
35 
9 
90 
69 
44 
62 
82 
S3 
6 
31 
90 

309 
17 
88 
34 

205 
19 
38 

137 
29 
27 


Tonnage 
(gross). 


467,219 


8,563 

5,447 
10,871 

3,215 

991 

41,240 

7,012 
12,654 
34,160 
17,703 
41,847 
231 

8,086 

63,261 

60,152 

858 

81,803 

4,718 
12,775 

1,680 
44,388 

5,256 

6,453 

3,855 


I  Exclusive  of  94  vessels,  with  an  aggregate  gross  tonnage  of  13,654,  launched 
by  establisliments  in  other  industries. 

»  Exclusive  of  22  vessels,  with  an  aggregate  gross  tonnage  of  12,535,  launched 
by  establisliments  in  oth  er  industries. 


Of  the  total  number  of  vessels  of  5  tons  and  over 
launched  in  1916,  New  York  built  24.5  per  cent,  and 
Pennsylvania  buUt  the  next  largest  number.  New 
York  also  buUt  the  greatest  tonnage  in  1916,  with 
California,  Ohio,  and  Pennsylvania  following  in  the 
order  named.  This  order  was  somewhat  different  in 
1914  when  New  Jersey  ranked  first,  followed  by  New 
York,  Kentucky,  and  Maryland,  and  in  1909  when 
Ohio  ranked  first,  followed  ]>y  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
and  Virginia  in  the  order  named. 

Table  25  shows  for  the  United  States  and  for  15 
states  separately,  for  1916,  1914,  and  1909,  the  num- 
ber, and  the  gross  and  net  tonnage  of  steam  vessels  of 
5  tons  and  over  launched  in  private  shipyards. 

In  1916,  of  the  states  for  which  totals  are  presented, 
California,  Virginia,  Ohio,  and  Pennsylvaaia  led  in 
the  order  named,  and  combined  represented  246,679 
gross  tons,  or  55.8  per  cent  of  the  total  for  steam 
vessels,  of  5  tons  and  over,  launched  in  private  yards. 
Virginia,  the  second  state  in  total  tonnage  launched, 
led  in  respect  to  average  gross  tonnage  per  vessel  with 
an  average  for  the  8  steamships  launched  in  1916  of 
7,847  per  vessel.  In  1914  the  leading  states  in  respect 
to  tonnage  of  steam  vessels  were  New  Jersey,  Vir- 
ginia, Massachusetts,  and  Maryland,  in  the  order 
named,  and  in  1909,  Ohio,  Michigan,  Virginia,  and 
New  Jersey. 


26 


MANUFACTURES. 


Table  26 


United  States 

California 

Delaware 

Indiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Virginia 

Washington 

Wisconsin 

All  other  states 


STEAM   VESSELS  LAUNCHED. 


1916 


Num- 
ber. 


Tonnage. 


Gross. 


442,354 


82,766 

13,965 

1,645 

3,417 

32,861 
37,732 
35,945 
20,331 

3,281 
52,046 

4,719 
49,089 

62,778 
23,919 
12,415 

5,445 


Net. 


297,724 


46,622 
9,642 
1,641 
2,957 

20,513 
27,169 
23,303 
12,021 

2,595 
41,134 

3,209 
31,407 

47,703 

16,258 

7,917 

3,613 


1914 


Num- 
ber. 


139 


10 


Tonnage. 


Gross. 


234,636 


26,420 
6,266 
3,800 
1,400 

27,368 
29,940 
11,512 
41, 182 

3.056 

26,205 

251 

23,547 

30, 176 

2,219 

362 

932 


Net. 


175,094 


17,490 
3,796 
2,550 
1,317 

16,794 

19,200 

7,273 

36,137 

1,900 

19,778 

171 

23,374 

22,896 

1,453 

251 

714 


Num- 
ber. 


181 


1909 


Tonnage. 


Gross. 


234,633 


4,993 
8,296 
1,386 
3,888 

17,733 
12,381 
41,231 
27,395 

7,528 

57,764 

1,522 

2,841 

40,730 

800 

4,694 

1,451 


Net. 


168,959 


3,264 

5,432 

619 

2,983 

10,007 

8,232 

31,073 

26,322 

5,185 

44,171 

1,154 

2,680 

23,065 

574 

3,121 

1,077 


Table  26  shows,  by  states,  the  number  and  the  gross 
and  net  tonnage  of  motor  vessels,  including  sail  ves- 


sels with  auxiliary  power,  of  5  tons  and  over,  launched 
in  private  shipyards  in  1916,  1914,  and  1909. 


Table  26 


United  States. 


Motor. 


Sail,  with  auxiliary  power. 


Census 
year. 


1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 


Coimectlcut 1916 

1914 
1909 


California . 


Florida.. 


Louisiana. 


Maine. 


Maryland . 


Massachusetts. 


Michigan. 


1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 


MOTOR  VESSELS  LATTNCHED, 
INCLUDING  SAILINQ  VES- 
SELS WITH  AUXnjABY 
POWEE. 


Num- 
ber. 


465 

428 
'  513 


403 
370 
445 

62 
58 

68 


Tonnage. 


Gross. 


60,491 
13,620 
12,041 


29,866 
10,821 
9,389 

30,626 
2,799 
2,652 


3,511 

2,815 

534 

1,174 
180 
553 

194 
247 
337 

3,017 

1,593 

68 

1,812 
541 
431 

14,997 
194 
593 

3,278 

899 

3,271 

107 
361 
408 


Net. 


45,251 
9,974 
9,204 


19, 198 
7,789 
7,224 

26,053 
2,185 
1,980 


2,003 

1,971 

395 

1,132 
127 
492 

149 
177 
232 

2,767 

1,301 

52 

1,469 
339 

288 

10,003 
114 
518 

1,092 

550 

2,604 


252 
330 


New  Jersey., 


New  York.. 


North  Carolina. 


Ohio. 


Oregon 

Pennsylvania. 

Texas 

Virginia 

Washington... 


Wisconsin. 


All  other  states. 


Census 
year. 


1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 


MOTOR  VESSELS  LAtmcHED, 
INCLUDING  SAILING  VES- 
SELS WITH  AUXILIARY 
POWER. 


Num- 
ber. 


45 
22 
31 

72 
60 
91 

2 

8 
13 

12 
6 
16 

14 

7 

21 

5 
8 
1 


Tonnage. 


Gross. 


1,022 
1,419 


1,735 

958 

1,949 

81 
175 
158 

11,974 
129 
432 

6,205 

317 
368 

116 

66 

5 

1,925 

198 
40 

I8:i 
US 
lis 

7,584 
2,699 
1,526 

221 
413 
259 

1,355 
298 
522 


Net. 


800 

1,2.56 

347 

1,379 

653 

1,486 

61 
121 

138 

9,424 
89 
336 

5,875 
234 
281 

111 
52 
5 

1,566 
124 
27 

180 
72 
70 

5,910 
2,032 
1,075 

ISJ 
331 
204 

l,ai8 
179 
324 


>  Exclusive  of  2  vessels,  with  an  aggregate  gross  tonnage  of  24,  launched  by  establishments  in  other  industries. 


SHIPBUILDING. 


27 


Motor  vessels,  which  now  form  such  a  large  and 
distinct  class,  were  reported  separately  for  the  first 
time  in  1904.  At  that  time  they  numbered  311,  and 
averaged  slightly  over  10  gross  tons  in  size.  In  1909 
their  average  capacity  was  21  tons;  in  1914  over  29 
tons;  and  in  1916  nearly  75  tons.  The  change  from 
1904  to  1916  in  the  size  of  motor  craft  is  due  to  the 
building  of  internal-combustion  engines  in  larger 
units,  of  improved  reliability  and  compactness,  mak- 
ing them  practical  for  use  in  larger  vessels.  California 
reported  the  largest  number  of  vessels  of  this  class 
launched  in  1916.  In  1914  California  and  Washington 
each  reported  the  largest  number,  and  in  1909  Wash- 
ington reported  the  largest  number. 

Sail  vessels  with  auxiliary  power,  launched  in  1916, 
included  in  the  preceding  table  along  with  motor 
vessels  were  distributed  as  follows: 


Total 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Washington 

Louisiana.. 

Maine 

Texas 

Maryland 

Massachusetts.. 

New  York 

California 

AH  other  states. 


Num- 
ber. 

Gross 
tons. 

Net  tons. 

62 

30,625 

26,053 

6 

11,743 

9,205 

5 

6,087 

5,787 

2 

3,788 

3,040 

5 

2,830 

2,610 

15 

1,720 

1,381 

1 

1,660 

1,390 

2 

1,360 

1,360 

8 

'755 

686 

4 

166 

162 

2 

110 

no 

12 

406 

322 

In  the  construction  of  sail  vessels  with  auxiliary 
power  Ohio  led  in  tonnage,  but  Maine  launched  the 
greater  niunber.  The  tonnage  launched  in  Ohio  rep- 
resented 38.3  per  cent  of  thp  total  gross  tonnage 
launched  in  the  United  States  in  1916.  The  vessels 
were  built  at  Toledo,  Ohio,  6  in  number,  and  were  of 
steel;  2  had  a  gross  tonnage  of  1,930  each;  1  of 
1,955;  and  3  of  1,976  tons  each,  and  were  designed 
for  the  coastwise  trade.  The  largest  wooden  vessel 
of  this  class,  one  of  2,492  gross  tons,  intended  for  the 
foreign  trade,  was  built  and  launched  at  Aberdeen, 
Wash.  Another  vessel  of  this  class  of  1,660  gross 
tonnage  was  launched  in  Orange,  Tex.  There  is  a 
wide  variation  in  the  tonnage  of  vessels  of  this  class 
due  to  the  diversified  character  and  class  of  service. 
Some  are  for  pleasure,  while  others  are  for  fishing  and 
freighting. 

Table  27  gives  for  the  United  States  and  10  states 
separately,  the  number  and  the  gross  and  net  tonnage 
of  sail  vessels  without  auxiliary  power,  of  5  tons  and 
over,  launched  in  private  shipyards  in  1916,  1914, 
and  1909. 


Table  27 


United  States. 


Florida- 


Maine. 


Maryland , 

Massachusetts. 


Mississippi.. 
New  Jersey. 
New  York.. 


Ohio. 


Oregon 

Washington. 


All  other  states.. 


Census 
year. 


1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914  I 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 


SAIL  VESSELS  WITHOUT  AUXIL- 
IARY POWEE  LAUNCHED. 


Num- 
ber. 


Tonnage. 


Gross. 


15,456 
2,224 
14.807 


Net. 


14,048 

1.874 

12. 710 


194 
69 

4,772 

687 

8,335 

75 

64 

1,150 

1,474 

667 

1,343 

751 


2,910 

1,488 
40 
130 

26 
38 
19 

2,320 


168 
112 


3,174 
422 
338 


8 
157 
39 

4,118 

596 

6.861 

75 

45 

1.149 

1.365 

487 

1,100 

751 


2,770 

1,377 
23 


18 
32 
16 

2,070 

"405 


112 
1,200 


2,898 
422 
284 


From  1909  to  1914  there  was  a  large  decrease  in  the 
tonnage  launched  of  sail  vessels  without  auxiliary 
power,  from  14,807  gross  tons  to  2,224  gross  tons  or 
85  per  cent,  while  from  1914  to  1916  the  tonnage  of  this 
class  of  vessels  increased  13,232  gross  tons,  or  nearly 
600  per  cent. 

Maine  led  in  amount  of  gross  tonnage  launched  in 
1916  as  well  as  in  1914  and  1909;  Ohio  and  New 
Jersey  ranked  second  and  third,  respectively,  in  1916. 
The  combined  tonnage  launched  in  these  three  states 
represented  55.5  per  cent  of  the  total  tonnage  of  this 
class  of  vessels  launched  in  the  United  States  during 
1916. 

The  largest  sailing  vessel  without  auxiliary  power 
launched  in  1916  was  one  of  2,320  gross  tons  built  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  It  was  of  steel  construction  and  was 
designed  for  the  coastwise  trade.  The  largest  wooden 
vessel  of  this  class  was  one  of  1,891  gross  tons,  built  in 
Bath,  Me.,  for  the  coastwise  and  foreign  trade. 


28 


MANUFACTURES. 


Table  28  gives  for  the  United  States  and  for  12  states 
separately  the  number  and  gross  and  net  tonnage  of 
unrigged  vessels  launched  by  private  shipyards  in 
1916,  1914,  1909,  and  1904. 


Table  28 


United  States. 


California. 


Kentucky. 


Louisiana.' 


Census 
year. 


1916 
1914 
1909 
1904 

1916 
1914 
1909 
1904 


Maryland. 


Mississippi. 


New  Jersey. 


New  Yorlc.. 


Ohio. 


Oregon., 


Pennsylvania. 


Virginia. 


Washington. 


All  other  states. . 


UNBIOOED  VESSELS  LAUNCHED. 


Num- 
ber. 


1916 

1         59 

1914 

47 

1909 

(') 

1904 

17 

1916 

19 

1914 

68 

1909 

58 

1904 

73 

1916 

32 

1914 

39 

1909 

33 

1904 

49 

1916 

4 

1914 

9 

1909 

20 

1904 

13 

1916 

20 

1914 

35 

1909 

45 

1904 

35 

1916 

246 

1914 

136 

1909 

186 

1904 

211 

1916 

24 

1914 

23 

1909 

55 

1904 

41 

1916 

3 

1914 

15 

1909 

(') 

1904 

(<) 

1916 

103 

1914 

30 

1909 

195 

1904 

472 

1916 

16 

1914 

6 

1909 

23 

1904 

12 

1916 

14 

1914 

24 

1909 

44 

1904 

34 

1916 

98 

1914 

76 

1909 

151 

1904 

145 

Tonnage. 


Gross. 


215, 807 
174, 580 
205,738 
261, 153 

2,831 
2,255 
3,016 
5,777 

15,880 
39,968 
(<} 
4,898 

6,422 
15,848 

6,830 
11,480 


9,834 

9,335 

14,684 

20,133 

9,834 
9,305 
9,864 
19,104 

1,500 
1,200 
5,081 
1,955 

1,500 
1,200 
5,016 
1,570 

10,911 

15,225 
25,267 
19,605 

106,667 
45,859 
50,658 
84,311 

7,980 
10,490 
23,094 

3,434 

560 
1,815 

22,616 
6,920 
9,929 

66,002 

982 
1,244 
3,531 
2,280 

623 
2,199 
2,930 
4,437 

29,001 
22,222 
60,720 
36,841 


Net. 


197,018 
156,397 
190,325 
250,571 


2,811 
1,910 
2,971 
5,562 

15,843 
24,983 
(') 
4,898 

6,237 
15,  748 

6,816 
10,055 


10, 911 
14,956 
24,488 
19,481 

105,186 
45,106 
44,903 
80,694 

7,626 

9,490 

20,304 

3,245 

560 
1,665 
(') 
(') 

7,463 

6,920 

9,763 

65,650 

950 
1,244 
3,478 
2,215 

503 
2,199 
2,930 
3,816 

27,594 
21, 671 
59,  792 
34,281 


>  Exclusive  of  82  vessels,  with  an  aggregate  gross  tonnage  of  9,872,  launched  by 
establishments  in  other  industries. 

>  Exclusive  of  17  vessels,  with  an  aggregate  gross  tonnage  of  12,082,  launched  by 
establishments  in  other  industries. 

•  Exclusive  of  124  vessels,  with  an  aggregate  gross  tonnage  of  21,770,  launched  by 
establishments  in  other  industries. 
<  Included  in  "All  other  states." 

Floating  dry  docks,  floating  coal  docks,  and  scows 
constructed   for   a  single   trip   are   not   included   in 


Table  28.  There  are,  however,  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  sand  and  mud  scows,  coal  boats  and  lighters, 
dredges,  and  pile  drivers  included  in  the  statistics. 
In  1916  there  were  664  unrigged  craft  built  with  a 
total  tonnage  of  215,807,  as  compared  with  506, 
with  a  total  tonnage  of  174,580  built  in  1914;  839, 
with  a  total  tonnage  of  205,738,  in  1909;  and  1,150, 
with  a  total  tonnage  of  261,153,  in  1904.  The  prin- 
cipal state  in  the  construction  of  unrigged  craft  in 
1916  as  in  1914  was  New  York,  where  there  were 
built,  in  1916,  246  barges,  lighters,  canal  boats,  and 
scows,  with  a  total  gross  tonnage  of  106,667.  A  large 
number  of  these  were  for  use  in  New  York  Harbor 
and  in  the  river  trade;  3  were  steel  barges  of  1,624 
gross  tons  to  be  used  for  carrying  oil  in  bulk.  Pennsyl- 
vania ranked  second  in  1916  in  both  number  and  gross 
tonnage.  The  establishments  located  in  that  state 
built  86  barges  for  the  river  trade,  with  a  total  gross 
tonnage  of  14,656,  of  which  23,  with  a  tonnage  of 
7,224,  were  constructed  of  steel;  there  were  also 
built  4  steel  car  floats  for  use  in  New  York  Harbor  and 
2  steel  car  floats,  one  to  be  used  in  the  river  trade 
and  the  other  intended  for  the  coastwise  trade.  There 
were  also  constructed  11  steel  barges,  floats,  etc.,  for 
the  United  States  Government,  to  be  used  in  the 
rivers  and  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  In  Kentucky  59 
barges,  with  a  gross  tonnage  of  15,880,  were  built  for 
use  in  the  river  trade,  while  in  Ohio  18  barges  were 
constructed  with  7,188  gross  tonnage  for  the  same 
use,  and  4  steel  flats  and  two  steel  barges  for  the 
Federal  Government  for  use  on  the  Ohio  Kiver. 

Among  the  states  shown,  California,  Kentucky, 
New  York,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  and  Virginia  show 
increases  in  the  number  of  boats  built,  and  California, 
Maryland,  Mississippi,  New  York,  and  Pennsylvania, 
increases  in  tonnage  from  1914  to  1916. 

Table  29  shows,  for  the  United  States  and  for  18 
states  separately,  for  1916  and  1914,  the  number  of 
power  boats  built  of  less  than  5  tons. 


Table  29 

STATE. 

NtJMBEB  OF 
POWER  BOATS 

BUILT  (less 
than  5  tons). 

STATE. 

NtTMBER  OF 
POWER   BOATS 

BUILT  (less 
than  5  tons). 

1918 

1914 

1916 

1914 

United  States 

3,606 

3,706 

68 

187 

337 

308 

28 

13 

21 

52 

109 

324 

103 

477 
377 

California 

66 
100 
157 
104 

20 
198 

51 

1,291 

172 

158 

49 

163 

386 

27 

223 

75 

273 

235 

New  York 

Cormecticut 

Ohio 

567 

Florida 

28 

Illinois 

16 

Virginia. 

Maine 

171 

115 

Massachusetts. 

All  other  states  . 

230 

SHIPBUILDING. 


29 


Massachusetts  was  by  far  the  leading  state  in  1916 
in  the  manufacture  of  small  power  boats.  The 
number  of  such  boats  built  in  that  state  increased 
from  273  in  1914  to  1,291  m  1916.  New  York  was 
second  in  the  number  of  power  boats  built  in  1916. 
In  1914  Ohio  reported  the  largest  number  of  these 
boats  and  New  Jersey  the  next  largest  number. 

Value  of  work  done  during  census  year. — The  con- 
struction of  a  vessel  frequently  takes  more  than  a 
year;  therefore,  many  vessels  launched  during  the 
census  year  were  started  in  previous  years,  and  some 
upon  wliich  work  was  started  during  the  census  year 
were  not  finished  during  that  year.  For  this  reason 
the  census  office  did  not  require  the  shipbuilders  to 
report  the  value  of  the  vessels  launched,  but  only  the 
value  of  the  work  done  during  the  census  year  and 
the  amount  received  for  repair  work.  For  the 
smaller  vessels,  those  of  less  than  5  gross  tons,  the 
value  of  work  done  during  the  year  corresponds  very 
closely  with  the  value  of  the  craft  as  launched. 

Table  30  shows  the  value  of  the  construction  work 
done,  the  amount  received  for  repair  work,  and  the 
value  of  all  other  work  done  by  shipbuilding  estab- 
lishments, both  private  and  Government,  m  1916, 
1914,  and  1909,  and  by  private  establishments  in 
other  industries  for  1914  and  1909. 


Table  30 


KIND  OF  WORK. 


Total. 


W  ork  on  new  vessels  and 
boats,  all  kinds. 


Vessel  of  S  gross  tons 
and  over. 


Boats  of  less  than  5 
gross  tons. 


Repair  work. 


AU  other  work  done . 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 


VALUE  OF  WORK  DONE  DCRINQ  THE  YEAR  BY- 


AIl  estab- 
lishments. 


$224,526,683 
119,423,028 
100,009,054 


114,434,137 
52,401,805 
45,036,492 

110,343,073 
48,105,561 
40,145,084 

4,091,064 
4,296,244 
4,891,408 

71,225,368 
36,966,676 
38,304,658 

38,867,178 
30,054,547 
16,667,904 


Private  es 
tablishments 
in  the  ship- 
building 
industry. 


1185,852,192 
88,682,071 
73,360,315 

105,270,935 
46,334,134 
42,310,925 

101,531,210 
42,545,445 
37,718,018 

3,739,725 

3,788,689 
4,592,907 

63,508,514 
32,835,212 
26,678,643 

•17,072,743 

•9,512,725 

4,370,747 


Private 
establish- 
ments in 
other  in- 
dustries.' 


1,279,630 
594,241 


947,805 
449,089 


331,825 
145,155 


185,777 
80,461 


58,285 
102,001 


Govern- 
ment ship- 
yards. 


9, 163, 202 
4,788,041 
2,131,323 

8,811,863 
4,612,311 
1,977,977 

361,339 
175,730 
153,346 

7,716,854 
3,945,687 
11,545,554 

•21,794,435 

20,483,537 
12, 195, 156 


>  Not  reported  in  1916. 

•  Includes  work  on  engines  to  the  value  of  (3,335,055. 
"  Includes  work  on  engines  to  the  value  of  $169,141. 

*  Includes  work  on  engines  to  the  value  of  $4,498,703. 

The  value  of  all  work  done  during  the  year  on  new 
vessels  and  boats  in  all  shipyards  increased  from 
$52,401,805  in  1914,  to  $114,434,137  in  1916,  or  118.4 
per  cent.  These  figures  indicate  the  impetus  given 
the  shipbuilding  industry  by  the  world  war.  The 
value  of  work  done  on  new  vessels  of  5  gross  tons  and 
over  in  private  establishments  amounted  to  $37,718,018 
in  1909,  to  $42,545,445  in  1914,  and  to  $101,531,210  in 


1916,  showing  an  increase  from  1914  to  1916  of  138.6 
per  cent.  Repair  work  on  vessels  and  boats  increased 
from  $26,678,643  in  1909,  to  $32,835,212  in  1914,  and 
to  $63,508,514  in  1916.  All  other  work  done,  which 
includes  work  on  engines,  and  the  making  of  masts, 
oars,  spars,  etc.,  increased  from  $4,370,747  in  1909,  to 
$17,072,743  in  1916.  The  value  of  work  done  on  new 
vessels  and  boats  in  Government  shipyards  alone  in- 
creased 91.4  per  cent  between  1914  and  1916. 

Table  31  shows  the  total  value  of  the  work  done  in 
the  privately  operated  shipbuilding  establishments  in 
1916,  1914,  1909,  and  1904,  the  total  being  sub- 
divided so  as  to  show  the  value  of  work  on  new  ves- 
sels; the  amount  received  for  repair  work,  and  the 
value  of  all  other  work  done  during  the  year.  In  this 
table  Government  shipyards  and  establishments  in 
other  industries  doing  incidental  work  on  ships  and 
boats  are  not  included. 


Table  31 


KIND  OF  WORK. 


Total. 


$185,852,192 


Work  done  during  the  year  on  new 

vessels  and  boats 

Vessels  of  5  gross  tons  and  over. , 

Steel  construction 

Wooden  construction 

Boats  of  less  than  5  gross  tons. . 

Steam 

Motor   (gasoline,   electric, 

other) 

Sailboats,  rowboats,  canoes, 
scows,  etc , 


Repair  work. 

Steel 

Wooden. . 


.Ml other  work  done 17,072,743 


VALUE  OF  WORK  DONE  DtTRINO  THE  TEAK  BY 
PRIVATE  ESTABLISHMENTS  IN  THE  SHIP- 
BUILDINQ  INDUSTRY. 


1916 


$88,682,071 


105,270,935 
101,531,210 
86,418,000 
16,113,204 
3,739,725 
6,544 

1,988,862 

1,744,319 

©,508,514 
44,821,223 
18,687,291 


1914 


$73,360,315  $82,769,239 


46,334,134 
42,545,445 
36, 2%,  458 
6,249,987 
3,788,689 
30,522 

2,001,284 

1,756,883 

32,835,212 
20,537,928 
12,297,284 

9,512,725 


1909 


1901 


,42,310,925  56,121,227 
37,718,018!  53,119,935- 
30,038,672   43,395,704 


9,724,231 
3,001,292 


7,679,346 

4,592,907 

20,800 


3,155,375  1,879,288 

1,416,732J  1,122,004 

26,678,643  22,829,040 

15,862,659:  12,191,854 

10,815,984  10,637,186 

4,370,747  3,818,972 


Of  the  $101,531,210  representing  the  work  done  on 
new  vessels  of  5  gross  tons  and  over,  $85,418,006,  or 
84.1  per  cent,  was  the  value  of  work  on  new  steel  ves- 
sels, and  this  shows  an  increase  of  135.3  per  cent 
over  the  value  of  work  performed  on  new  steel  vessels 
in  1914.  The  table  shows  a  steady  decrease  from  1904 
to  1914  in  the  value  of  work  on  new  wooden  vessels, 
but  from  1914  to  1916  the  value  of  this  work  increased 
from $6,249,987  to  $16,113,204,  or  157.8  percent.  The 
value  of  repair  work  on  steel  vessels  formed  70.6  per 
cent  of  the  entire  value  reported  for  repair  work. 

There  was  a  large  increase  from  1914  to  1916  in  the 
value  of  repair  work  on  both  classes  of  vessels,  that  on 
steel  vessels  increasing  from  $20,537,928  to  $44,821,223, 
or  118.2  per  cent,  while  the  value  of  repair  work  on 
wooden  vessels  increased  from  $12,297,284  to 
$18,687,291,  or  52  per  cent. 

Table  32  shows,  by  states,  the  value  of  repair  work 
done  in  the  private  establishments  in  the  shipbuilding 
industry  for  1916,  1914,  1909,  and  1904. 


30 


MANUFACTURES. 


Table  32 

STATE. 

VALtTE  OP  BEPAni  WORK   BEPORTED    BY    PRIVATE  ES- 
TABU3HMENIS  IN  THE  SmPSmLDINQ  INDUSTEY. 

1916 

1914 

1909 

1904 

United  States 

$63,508,514 

$32,836,212 

$26,678,643 

$22,829,040 

California  

3,594,445 

927,579 

110,151 

913,678 

434,494 

60,074 

12,277 

126,246 

1,406,794 

380,474 

3,040,777 

3,104,207 

1,455,258 

92,156 

136,278 

8,313,981 

23,884,480 

92,508 

2,125,580 

152,017 

4,249,199 

1,197,501 

3,397,591 

1,600,617 

209,864 

906,834 

1,519,454 

3,348,852 

342,972 

177,318 

616,011 

407,979 

83,600 

11,071 

127,773 

433,555 

434,191 

1,374,616 

1,009,137 

1,081,200 

121,838 

40,862 

4,200,315 

10,081,332 

62,600 

2,058,521 

98,201 

1,512,126 

927,833 

1,507,320 

1,447,385 

124,933 

745,890 

441,870 

2,529,188 

319,591 

348,539 

536,584 

411,230 

70,603 

42,474 

85,902 

364,738 

346,635 

985,112 

874,433 

1,126,644 
136,053 
50,484 

3,123,032 

6,931,117 
36,669 

1,324,166 
100,788 

2,631,354 
647,064 

1,324,045 
880,618 
136,156 

1,172,543 
243,011 

2,180,542 

356,032 

454,780 

Florida       .             

116,360 

Illinois    

439,609 

Indiana     

(') 

31,075 

(') 

Louisiana            

(') 

Maine         

297,855 

1,010,022 

854,036 

688,482 

Minnesota      

55,900 

Mississippi       

125,951 

2,254,794 

6,726,959 

63,300 

Ohio 

1,229,123 

Oregon 

184,276 

Pennsylvania 

1,762,243 

Rhode  Island 

660,303 

Vireinia 

1,157,696 

Washington         

712,851 

West  Virginia  

86, 595 

Wisconsin - 

All  other  states 

571,746 
808,111 

'  Included  in  "All other  states." 

New  York  was  the  leading  state  in  the  value  of 
repair  work  in  1916,  as  it  was  in  1914,  1909,  and  1904, 
the  amount  of  work  done  in  this  state  in  1916  being 
nearly  one-third  of  the  total  for  the  United  States. 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  and  California  ranked 
next  in  the  order  named.  Other  states  doing  work 
in  excess  of  a  million  dollars  were  Louisiana,  Maryland, 
Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Ohio,  Rhode  Island,  Vir- 
ginia, and  Washington.  The  states  shown  in  the 
table  not  reporting  an  increase  in  repair  work  were 
Delaware,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Kentucky,  Maine,  and 
Minnesota.  The  value  of  repair  work  formed  34.2 
per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products  of  all  work 
done  by  the  shipbuilding  industry  in  1916,  37  per  cent 
in  1914,  36.4  per  cent  in  1909,  and  27.6  per  cent  in 
1904. 

Dry  docks  and  marine  railways. — When  the  repair 
work  of  shipyards  is  considered,  the  question  of  the 
equipment  of  the  various  plants  naturally  arises. 
Table  33  shows  the  number  and  kind  of  dry  docks  in 
private  and  Government  shipyards,  classified  accord- 
ing to  dimensions,  for  1914,  1909,  and  1904.  Figures 
for  1916  were  not  obtained. 

In  1914  there  were  250  dry  docks  in  the  shipyards 
of  the  United  States.  This  is  an  increase  of  34  over 
1909,  and  90  over  1904.  Of  the  250  dry  docks  re- 
ported in  1914,  152  were^over  a  hundred  feet  long  in 


floor  measurement,  while  67  of  these  measured  over 
300  feet;  104  of  the  docks  measured  over  50  feet  in 
width  at  entrance,  among  these  47  measured  over 
75  feet  in  width,  45  docks  had  a  depth  of  siU  of 
over  20  feet,  sufficient  depth  to  accommodate  the 
largest  vessels. 


Table  33 

DBT  DOCKS. 

1914 

1909 

1904 

Total  number                                  

250 

216 

160 

Stationary: 

62 
21 
167 

67 
27 
58 
98 

47 

57 

109 

37 

45 

108 

97 

57 

23 

136 

53 
20 
70 
73 

37 
54 
89 
36 

30 
98 
88 

86 

Masonry,  concrete,  or  steel           ...      .             

Floating-       .             

With  floor  length  of— 

Over  300  feet                                      .  .                       

53 

201  to  300  feet 

18 

101  to  200  feet 

75 

14 

With  entrance  width  of— 

Over  75  feet                 

22 

53 

26  to  50  feet 

62 

23 

With  sUl  depth  of— 

Over  20  feet      

25 

101 

34 

Table  34  shows  statistics  relative  to  the  number, 
dimensions,  and  lifting  capacity  of  marine  railways  in 
operation  in  1914,  1909,  and  1904. 


Table  34 

* 

MARINE  EAILWAYS. 

1914 

1909 

1904 

Total  number 

678 

1696 

413 

129,994 

32 
123 

186 
338 

12 
133 
633 

46 
96 
411 
126 

25 
34 
180 
439 

147,031 

38 
110 
178 
370 

5 
126 

•565 

47 
86 
410 
153 

22 

56 
172 
446 

147,047 

With  cradle  length  or— 

Over  200  feet 

44 

101  to  200  feet 

133 

107 

129 

With  cradle  breadth  of— 

Over  50  feet 

16 

25to,50feet     ^ 

140 

267 

With  maximum  cradle  draft  submerged  of— 

Over  15  feet 

51 

lltol5feet              

99 

6  to  10  feet            

221 

42 

With  lifting  capacity  of- 

Over  1  000  tons                              

34 

501  to  1,000  tons           

54 

141 

184 

'  Figures  do  not  agree  with  those  published  because  it  was  necessary  to  make 
certain  revisions  in  order  to  make  them  comparable  with  those  tor  1914. 

Of  the  678  marine  railways  reported  in  the  United 
States  for  1914,  155  had  a  cradle  length  of  more  than 
100  feet,  145  had  a  cradle  breadth  exceeding  25  feet. 
Fifty-nine  of  the  railways  had  a  hfting  capacity  of 
500  tons. 


SHIPBUILDING. 


81 


DETAIL  STATE  TABLES. 


The  priucipal  data  secured  by  the  census  inquiry 
concerning  the  shipbuilding  industry,  other  than  those 
regarding  vessels  launched,  value  of  different  kinds 
of  work  done,  and  equipment,  are  presented,  by 
states,  in  Tables  35,  36,  and  37. 

Table  35  shows,  for  1916,  1914,  and  1909,  the  num- 


ber of  establishments,  average  number  of  wage  earners, 
primary  horsepower,  capital,  wages,  cost  of  materials, 
and  value  of  products,  by  states,  for  the  shipbuilding 
industry. 

Tables  36  and  37  give  similar  statistics  in  somewhat 
greater  detail  for  1916  and  1914,  respectively. 


Table  3.5 COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY,  BY  STATES,  FOR  1916,  1914,  AND  1909. 


United  states.. 

California 

Connecticut 

Georgia 

Indiana 

Kentuclty 

Maryland 

m#*hignn 

Mlimesota 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 

1914 

'1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 


Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


1,137 
1,147 
1,353 


Wage 
earn- 
ers 
(aver- 
age 
num- 
ber). 


72,497 
44,489 
40,506 


7,113 
3,457 
1,844 

1,312 
514 
427 

216 
14 


184 
225 
253 

168 
90 
157 

5,328 
2,468 
1,793 

2,225 
1,261 
2,344 

115 
125 


Pri- 
mary 
iiorse- 
power.' 


Capital. 


115,333 
88,063 


4,697 
3,129 


1,303 
1,454 


26 


549 

785 


164 
524 


5,979 
6,795 


7,665 
6,485 


352 
419 


Wages. 


Cost 
of  ma- 
terials. 


Value 
of  prod- 
ucts. 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


1243, 218 
156,060 
126,118 


11,619 
8,147 


22,689 
2,370 
1,468 

942 
11 


495 
611 
484 

114 
311 
271 

13,806 
4,942 
4,413 

7,673 
6,690 
6,972 

281 
223 
380 


$60, 576  $89, 269 
32,931  38,597 
25,268  31,214 


7,199 
3,196 
1,592 

1,241 
458 
254 

153 
8 


108 
134 
106 

112 
52 
97 

3,773 
1,573 
1,098 

1,857 
1,040 
1,380 


139 


10,245 
3,487 
1,237 

1,237 
342 
315 

218 
4 


291 
267 
243 

140 
135 
155 

5,845 
2,102 
1,849 

3,120 
1,259 
2,490 

119 
157 
158 


$185,852 
88,682 
73,360 


19, 778 
8,104 
4,132 

6,217 

1,665 

742 

454 
16 


463 
506 
375 

279 
222 
271 

12,206 
4,521 
3,535 

5,637 
2,823 
5,034 


317 
377 


New  Hampshire.. 


New  Jersey.. 


New  York. . 


Ohio. 


Pennsylvania. 


Texas. 


Waslilngton. 


Wisconsin. 


All  other  states. 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
)909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 

1916 
1914 
1909 


Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


6 

7 
8 

76 
85 
97 

200 
207 
255 

32 
29 
39 

30 
33 
31 

14 

14 

6 

57 
64 
60 

30 
34 
52 

444 
427 
524 


Wage 
earn- 
ers 
(aver- 
age 
num- 
ber). 


7,777 
6,324 
4,869 

9,928 
6,076 
5,644 

5,059 
2,879 
3,200 

6,440 
4,773 
3,558 

250 
168 
36 

3,744 

1,444 

744 

1,250 
695 
906 

21,373 
13,962 
14,513 


Pri- 
mary 
horse- 
power.' 


Capital. 


11,944 
9,904 


17,Wi4 
13,835 


9,661 
8,125 


9,694 
7,771 


316 
21 


5,866 
2,105 


3,875 
3,506 


35,628 
23,164 


Wages. 


Cost 
of  ma- 
terials. 


Value 
of  prod- 
ucts. 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


22 
19 
11 

37,333 
36,028 
19,176 

32,010 
17,999 
14,084 

21,935 
12,870 
13,625 

61,660 
18,285 
15,203 

356 
104 


14,804 
4,600 
2,039 

4,835 
4,109 
3,025 

12,644 
38,  741 
36,615 


9 

10 

4 

13 
12 
5 

6,576 
4,6.57 
3,300 

9,904 
5,636 
4,249 

9,887 
4,971 
3,780 

11,530 
5,173 
3,925 

3,908 
1,939 
1,705 

6,077 
1,909 
2,462 

5,408 
3,411 
2,120 

9,252 

4,797 
2,710 

160 
123 
30 

210 
279 
34 

3,455 

1,152 

643 

6,506 
987 
562 

822 
421 
540 

1,612 
451 
819 

15,820 
9,697 
8,480 

22,950 
11,600 
10,001 

17 

20,312 

11,861 
8,841 

31,358 
14,195 
11,417 

12,160 
4,717 
5,676 

16,816 
9,540 
6,178 

516 

474 

76 

10,830 
3,101 
1,550 

3,827 
1,254 
1,900 

44,682 
25,327 
23,239 


>  Not  reported  in  1916. 


•  Figures  can  not  be  shown  without  disclosing  individual  operations. 


32 


MANUFACTURES. 

•  Table  36 — DETAIL  STATISTICS  FOR  SHIPBUILDING, 


United  States 

Alabama 

Arkansas'. 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

All  other  states  2 


Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


1,137 


4 
50 
31 

9 

57 
7 

18 
10 
10 

17 
26 
100 
50 
85 

55 
28 
18 
6 
76 

200 
12 
32 
26 
30 

14 
4 
14 


PEKSONS  ENGAGED  m  THE  INBUSTBY. 


Total. 


78,333 


569 

4 

7,394 

1,573 

2,104 

1,291 
252 
649 
223 
45 

202 
1,413 
2,115 
5,680 
4,693 

2,416 
155 
140 
25 

8,600 

10,739 

164 

5,325 

1,092 

6,811 

6S4 
49 

272 
32 

4,128 

221 

1,390 

7,883 


Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 
bers. 


1,103 


18 
9 
12 

15 
21 
110 
51 
80 

52 
30 
19 
8 
65 

207 
14 
31 
25 
27 

13 
4 

13 
4 

55 

5 

26 

44 


gala-     Clerks,  etc. 
ried 
offi- 
cers, 
super- 
intend- 
ents, 
and 
man- 
agers. 


Wage  earners. 


1,550 


173 

169 
6 
54 
24 
96 

17 
1 


34 
255 


Male. 


145 
124 


20 
13 
16 
10 

4 

5 

45 

60 

224 

124 

80 
2 
2 


561 

399 

3 

153 

35 

242 

34 

1 
2 


202 

6 

65 

147 


Fe- 
male 


365 


28 


Average 
number. 


72,497 


541 


7,113 
1>312 
1,938 

1,172 
216 
598 

184 
26 

168 
1,306 
1,857 
5,326 
4,373 

2,225 

115 

118 

17 

7,777 

9,928 
141 
5,059 
1,003 
6,440 

616 
43 

250 
25 

3,744 

202 

1,250 

7,414 


Number,  15th  day  of— 


Maximum 
month. 


De      85,928 


De 


762 


De 

No 


De 
De 
De 

Au 
Fe 

J? 
De 

De 

Oc 

Ja 

Je 
Je 
Ja 
Je 
De 

De 
Oc 
Au 
De 
Oc 

Je 
De 
No 
Ap 

No 
No 
No 


9,240 

Ja 

1,741 

Ke 

2,258 

Jy 

1,459 

Mh 

473 

Ap 

737 

Ail 

217 

,Ta 

44 

No 

247 
1,898 
2,341 
6,007 
4,925 

2,921 
162 
136 
26 

8,981 

11,516 
208 
5,412 
2,168 
7,419 

794 
73 

326 
34 

6,839 

260 

1,571 


Minimum 
month. 


Ja       59,433 


Ja 


385 


Ja 
Ap 
Ja 
Fe 
Oc 

Oo 
De 

Not 
Ja 

Ja 

Mh 

Ja 

Ja 

Ja 

Au 
Fe 
Mh 
Se 

Fe 
Ja 
Ja 


4,952 

909 

1,448 

934 

74 

500 

142 

14 

75 

794 

1,461 

4,473 

4,024 

1,784 
73 
97 
12 

6,529 

7,909 

81 

4,005 

300 

5,082 

467 
13 

159 
15 

1,710 
126 

666 


■WAGE  EARNERS  DEC.  15,  OB  NEAREST 
KEPBESENTATTVE  DAY. 


Total. 


86,324 


764 

1 

9,262 

1,559 

2,183 

1,373 

474 
651 
195 


167 
1,921 
2,365 
5,619 
4,502 

2,816 

99 

146 

16 

9,006 

11,139 
218 

5,634 
2,175 
6,815 

592 
64 

313 
28 

6,717 

253 

1,644 

7,575 


16  and  over. 


Male. 


85,708 


764 

1 

9,258 

1,524 

2,130 

1,370 
474 
650 
195 
38 

167 
1,911 
2,356 
5,607 
4,501 

2,793 

99 

146 

16 

9,005 

11,123 

218 

5,623 

2,172 

6,771 

587 
64 

313 
28 

6,717 

253 

1,635 

7,199 


Fe- 
male. 


140 


15 


60 


Under  16. 


Male, 


476 


10 


31 


316 


Fe- 
male. 


'  Same  number  reported  for  one  or  more  other  months. 

'All  other  states  embrace:  District  of  Columbia,  2;  Idaho,  2;  Missouri,  5;  South  Carolina,  2;  South  Dakota,  1;  Virginia,  30. 


SHIPBUILDING. 

INCLUDING  BOAT  BUILDING,  BY  STATES:    1916. 


33 


Capital. 


$243,217,869 


715,033 

2,870 

•11,618,044 

22,689,461 

5,553,744 

2,542,824 
942,259 

1,836,011 
495,068 
165,947 

113,888 
3,963,065 
4,211,955 
13,806,495 
10,136,660 

7,672,524 

281,202 

109,761 

22,415 

37,332,760 

32,009,922 

200,168 

21,934,830 

2,530,166 

21,660,089 

756,561 

20,514 

356,001 

115,892 

14,804,465 

357,  111 

4,835,136 

19,424,528 


EXPENSES. 


Salaries  and  wages. 


Officials. 


14,032,671 


31,749 


173,3.56 
351,687 
132,679 

63,683 
14,390 
18,900 
31,656 
4,445 

14,220 
72,684 
139,648 
108,522 
243,242 

92,963 

5,700 

900 


519,970 

554,551 

4,498 

226,884 

34,275 

326,511 

29,735 

969 

12,120 

3,640 

204,032 
15,428 
93,464 

606,170 


Clerks,  etc. 


$2,918,051 


3,cyr2 


245,051 
125, 195 
76,169 

19,911 

7,460 
8,055 
8,310 
1,111 

4,223 
36,733 
65,094 
179,925 
111,649 

65,194 
3,988 
1,800 


578,996 

487,928 
647 
192,898 
20,326 
217,773 

29,855 

276 

2,536 


205,778 

5,445 

63,815 

148,238 


Wage  earners. 


$60,575,901 


421,329 

240 

7,198,585- 

1,241,117. 

1,409,802 

598,205 
153,024 
326,097 
107,037 
20,940 

111,961 

784, 154 

1,353,755 

3,772,631 

4,409,466 

1,857,021 

87,603 

70,80.5 

9,085 

6,575,530 

9,886,899 

54,364 

3,907,725 

833,841 

5  407,553 

518,374 
22,236 

160, 165 
16,830 

3,455,314 
118,999 
821,645 

4,862,903 


For  contract 
work. 


$4,092,789 


288,348 

2,921,676 

2,200 

7,751 

5,000 

375 

3,875 

64 

925 

37,694 
22,378 


2,652 

16,916 

1,700 

1,800 

892 

145,836 

64,600 


28,443 

42 

2,647 

481,692 


52,383 
"4,' 666 


For  materials. 


Principal 
materials. 


$86,726,894 


351,641 

3,650 

10,062,691 

1,206,952 

2,515,542 

879,618 
214,336 
252,395 
284,078 
43,166 

138,614 
1,013,366 
2,519,765 
5,649,835 
6,779,288 

2,967,064 

113,805 

118,019 

12,301 

9,682,734 

11,165,879 

42,306 

5,841,702 

1,585,712 

8,962,761 

380,330 

11,836 

207,154 

6,001 

6,412,941 

133,510 

1,561,442 

5,607,460 


Fuel  and  rent 
of  power. 


$2,541,936 


46,634 
150 
181,902 
29,603 
80,295 

29,575 
3,606 

15,668 
6,837 
1,833 

1,705 
21,186 
56,040 
194, 833 
153,404 

152,739 

6,278 

1,650 

620 

220,902 

363,981 

1,346 

235,050 

25,604 

289,423 

20,804 

730 

2,370 

1,380 

92,962 

2,912 

50,503 

250,511 


Value  of 
products. 


$185,852,192 


1,048,578 
8,945 
19,777,911 
6,217,274 
4,328,002 

1,795,519 

454,390 

760,307 

463,069 

83,199 

279,168 
2,606,767 
4,882,131 
12,205,557 
12,185,354 

5,637,103 

269,256 

304,. 578 

47,9.52 

20,311,529 

31,357,645 

188,640 

12,160,007 

2,91,5,346 

16,816,071 

1,523,614 

35,143 

515,972 

33,521 

10,829,812 

308,872 

3,826,847 

11,674,113 


Value  added  by 
manufacture. 


$96,583,362       1 


650,303 

5, 145 

9,533,318 

4,980,719 

1,732,165 

886,326 
236,448 
4ge,244 
172, 154 
38,200 

138,849 
1,572,216 
2,306,326 
6,360,889 
6,252,662 

2,617,300 

150, 173 

184,909 

35,131 

10,407,893 

19,827,785 
144,988 
6,083,255 
1,304,0.30 
7,563,887 

1,122,480 

22,  .577 

306,448 

27,140 

4,323,909 

172,450 

2,214,902 

6,816,142 


34 


MANUFACTURES. 

Table  37.— DETAIL  STATISTICS  FOR  SHIPBUILDING, 


STATE. 

Num- 
ber Of 
estab- 
lisli- 
ments. 

PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN   THE  INDUSTRY. 

WAGE   EARNERS  DEC.  IS,  OR 
NEAREST  REPRESENTATIVE   DAY. 

Capital. 

Total. 

Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 
bers. 

Sala- 
ried 
oiB- 
cers, 
super- 
intend- 
ents, 
and 
mana- 
gers. 

Clerks,  etc. 

Wage  earners. 

Total. 

16  and  over. 

Under  16. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Aver- 
age 

num- 
ber. 

Number,  ISth  day  of— 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 



Fe- 
male. 

Maximum 
month. 

Minimum 

month. 

SHIPBUILDING.  INCLUDINa  BOAT  BUILDING. 


United  States 

California 

Connecticut 

Georgia 

Indiana 

Kentucky 

Maryland 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

New  nampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

Ohio 

Peimsyivanla 

Texas 

Washington 

Wisconsin 

All  other  states  < 


1,147 


52 

37 

4 

9 

11 

42 
62 
30 

7 

8.5 

207 

29 

33 

14 

64 

34 

427 


48,667 


3,730 

673 

18 

249 

117 

2,685 

1,430 

169 

24 

6,981 
6,732 
3,046 
5,052 

189 

1,623 

789 

15,160 


1,192 


42 

30 

4 

6 

13 

44 
61 
36 
10 

74 

224 

29 

37 

13 

75 

33 

461 


995 


129 
136 

45 
67 

7 
36 
27 


1,765 


438 

264 

72 

173 

1 

60 

28 

358 


226 


16 


8 

6 

71 


44,489 


3,457 

514 

14 

225 
90 

2,468 

l,2r.l 

125 

14 

6,324 
6,076 
2,879 
4,773 

168 

1,444 

693 

13,962 


My   49,567 


Ja 
My 

JV8 

A"u 

Je 


3,917 

594 

18 

265 

134 


Jy  2,681 

My  1, 783 

My  163 

Ap«  15 

Je  6,827 

My  7,078 

i  Mh  3,566 

Je  5, 710 


Se 
Fe 
My 


241 
1,717 
1,048 


No    37,843 


Se 
Fe 
Ja« 
De 

Au 


3,005 
402 

11 
162 

29 


De  2,171 

De  431 

Oo  92 

De  12 

Se  5,921 

Se  5,3.59 

No  2,076 

De  3,514 


Fe 
No 
Se 


105 

1,128 

356 


i  42,735 

42,453 

90 

11 

1 

3  978 

552 

11 

1        168 
1        1.56 

2,488 
650 
128 

18 

1     6,129 
5,762 
2,696 
3,630 

170 

1,302 

669 

14,228 

1 

3,966 

538 

11 

168 
1.56 

2,474 

647 

128 

IS 

6,128 
5.7,55 
2,694 
3,581 

168 

1,300 

667 

14,054 

9 
9 

3 

5 

7 
2 

7 

1 

1 

-   6 

....„ 

"'i' 
1 

44 

"'i' 

40 
2 

1 


1 
130 

1 

fli56,059,938 


8, 147,  431 

2,369,613 

11,275 

610,660 

311,388 

4,942,061 

6,689,776 

223,1.50 

19,100 

36,028,113 

17,998,894 
12, 870, 446 
18,285,168 

103,854 

4,  .599, 883 

4,109,355 

38,739,771 

4 


SHIPBUILDING,  STEEL. 


United  States 

California 

Connecticut 

Indiana 

Maryland 

Michigan 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

Ail  other  states' 


79 


35,664 


3,291 

331 

202 

2,182 

1,010 

5,607 
3,222 
2,739 
545 
16,535 


24 


561 


53 

26 

6 

52 
27 

79 
32 
32 
15 
239 


1,447 


131 
67 
8 
83 
36 

382 

149 

66 

23 

512 


124 


33,508 


3,096 
226 
187 

2,039 
935 

5,142 
3,023 
2,623 
504 
15,733 


Mh   36,788 


Oc3 

No3 

Au 

Ja 

My 


277 

277 

217 

2,274 

1,340 


Je  5, 502 

My  3,511 

Mh  3,336 

My  822 


No    28,107 


Ja 
Ja 
De 
De 
De 


105 
105 
135 
1,823 
236 


No  4, 810 

Oc  2,659 

No  1,828 

Se  195 


31,662 


3,554 
275 
135 

2,043 
350 

4,985 
2.877 
2,448 
480 
14,515 


31,599 


3,554 
262 
135 

2,030 
350 

4,985 
2,874 
2,446 
479 
14,484 


63 


45 


2 

1 

162 


1  ]?132,712,414 


7,529,481 
1,202,187 
552,503 
4,321,595 
6, 858, 876 

33,120,371 
10,692,514 
12,410,069 
3,760,779 
53,263,439 


SHIPBUILDING,  WOODEN, 

INCLUDING  BOAT  BUILDING 

1 

United  States 

1,068 

13,003 

1,168 

434 

318 

102 

10,981 

My 

12,794 

De 

9,224 

10,897 

10,854 

27 

16 

23,347,524 

California 

■) 

44 

34 

6 

65. 
4 

21 
6 
10 
11 
15 

lft5 
35 
81 
56 
30 

11 

7 
79 
190 

10 
24 
20 
13 

14 

4 

31 

136 

439 
342 

58 

584 

18 

187 
47 
22 
117 
454 

621 

503 
565 
420 
169 

77 

24 

1,374 

3,510 

69 
307 
199 
109 

189 

132 

244 

2,223 

-  42 
30 

5 
76 

4 

22 
6 
13 
13 

16' 

121 
42 
81 
56 
36 

12 

10 

72 

218 

11 
29 
31 
14 

13 

4 

33 

158 

17 
14 
6 
15 

15 
6 

4 
4 

361 

288 
47 

486 
14 

137 

38 

9 

90 

419 

461 
429 
435 
326 
125 

65 

14 

1,182 

3.053 

56 
256 
163 

86 

168 

119 

191 

1,963 

Fe 

My 
Se 
Oc 
Au» 

'^p 

Au 
Ap 
Je 
Fe 

Mh 
Je 
My 
My 

My 

Jas 
Jy» 
Je 
My 

Ja 
Se 
Mh 
Mh 

Se 
Ap 
Je 

409 

357 

67 

602 

18 

179 

48 

13 

134 

551 

512 
502 
570 
443 
163 

83 

15 

1,325 

3,567 

76 
298 
223 
119 

241 
153 
243 

Au 
No 
No 

Jy 

Ja> 

De 
De 

Ja' 
Au 
No 

De 
De 
Ja 
De 
Oo 

s; 

Fe 

Se 

My» 
Mh 
De 
De 

Fe 

Oc, 

De 

274 
230 

30 
413 

11 

98 
27 
7 
29 
266 

363 
348 
314 
195 
92 

47 

12 

1,057 

2,654 

51 
230 
106 

54 

105 

86 

150 

424 
277 

59 
484 

11 

137 

33 

10 

156 

442 

479 
445 
429 
300 
128 

61 

18 

1,144 

2,885 

52 
248 
161 

72 

170 

126 

189 

1,957 

412 
276 

59 
482 

11 

137 
33 
10 
156 
439 

475 
444 
426 
297 
128 

61 

18 
1,143 

2,881 

52 
248 
161 

72 

168 

126 

188 

1,951 

9 

3 

1 

617,950 
1,167,426 

82,675 
1,095,969 

11,275 

394,351 

58,157 
37,476 
311,388 
610,809 

1,062,306 
620, 466 
788,574 
830,900 
223,150 

32,966 

19, 100 

2, 907, 742 

7,306,380 

85,005 
459, 777 
435,199 
118,044 

103,854 

187,  429 

348,576 

3,430,580 

3 

Connecticut                         

4 

% 

Florida 

6 

1 

2 

6 

7 

16 
3 

6 

6 

s 

Indiana 

q 

in 

9 
12 

21 
16 
31 
14 
3 

•      4 
6 

6 
14 

7 
15 

2 

1 
1 

12 
2 

11 
9 
3 

11 

4 
...... 

2 

3 

1? 

13 

1 
2 
1 

14 

15 

Michigan      .  .      .            

16 

17 

MississiDDi 

IS 

New  Hampshire 

19 

SO 
104 

1 

13 
2 
4 

7 

4 

12 

60 

56 
115 

1 
6 
2 
5 

1 

5 

5 

35 

14 
20 

3' 

1 

3' 

7 

1 
4 

90 

New  York 

71 

r? 

■"I 

?5 

Texas 

2 

^ 

West  Virginia 

''7 

Wisconsin 

1 

5 

?S 

All  other  states "    . 

I 



1  Owned  power  only.  2  Includes  rented  power,  other  than  electric.  '  Same  number  reported  for  one  or  more  other  months, 

<  All  other  states  cmbnicc: -Mabama,  4  establishments:  Delaware,  8;  District  of  Columbia,  2;  Florida,  66;  Idaho,  2;  Illinois,  22;  Iowa,  11;  Louisiana.  17;  Maine,  107; 

Massachusetts,  84;  Mississippi,  12;  MissourI,3;  North  Carolina,  11;  Oregon,21;  Rhode  Island,  15,  South  Carolina,  2;  fl^thDakota,!;  Tennessee,3;  Vermont,2;  Virginia,  29; 

West  Virginia,  5. 


SHIPBUILDING. 

INCLUDING  BOAT  BUILDING,  BY  STATES:  1914. 


35 


EXPENSES. 

Value  of 
products. 

Value 
added  by 
manufac- 
ture. 

POWER. 

Salaries  and  wages. 

For 

contract 

work. 

Rent  and  taxes. 

For  materials. 

Primary  horsepower. 

Electric 

horse- 
power 
gener- 
ated in 
estab- 
lish- 
ments 
report- 
ing. 

Officials. 

Clerks, 
etc. 

Wage 
earners. 

Rent  of 
factory. 

Taxes, 
including 
internal 
revenue 
and  cor- 
poration 
mcome. 

Principal 
materials. 

Fuel  and 
rent  of 
power. 

Total. 

Steam 

en- 
gines.' 

Inter- 

nal- 
com- 

bus- 

Mon 

en- 
gines.' 

P 

Electric 
(rented) 

SHIPBUILDING,  INCLUDING   BOAT  BUILDING. 


52,741,432 

$2,017,377 

132,931,156 

$531,779 

$416,749 

$706,395 

$37,178,602 

$1,418,368 

$88,682,071 

$50,085,101 

116,333 

79,599 

5,655 

94 

30,085 

36,190 

1 

174,2.56 
191,307 

254,118 
112,433 

3,196,424 

458,379 

8,055 

134,404 

62,356 

1,573,469 

1,039,516 

89,323 

10,138 

4,657,008 
4,971,058 
1,938,565 
3,411,350 

123,266 
1,151,913 

420,593 
9,695,349 

34,726 

895 

24,170 

11,069 

366 

72,376 

5,238 

90 

2,994 

1,065 

25,772 

44,553 

1.829 

266 

54,376 
112,998 
91,629 
46,782 

270 
45,237 
30,617 
170,304 

3,377,146 

327,061 

4,231 

260,383 

131,669 

2,028,870 

1,189,847 

153,530 

11,742 

6,486,445 
4,954,781 
1,764,752 
4,635,922 

277,827 

951,  776 

424, 001 

11,198,619 

109,438 

15,140 

106 

7,088 

2,896 

72,960 

68,896 

3,964 

526 

149,849 
217,997 
143,828 
161,353 

823 

35,087 

27,154 

401,263 

8,104,033 

1,66.5,293 

15,840 

506,362 

221,788 

4,521,169 

2,822,5.57 

317,111 

38,525 

11,860,965 
14,195,298 
4.716,787 
9,539,865 

473,524 

3,101,446 

1,2,54,088 

26,327,420 

4,617,449 
1,323,092 

11,503 
238,891 

87,223 

2,419,339 

1,563,814 

159,617 

26,257 

6,224,671 
9, 022,  ,520 
2,808,207 
4,742,590 

1^4,874 

2,114,583 

802,9.33 

13,727,538 

4,697 

1,303 

26 

549 

164 

5,979 

7,565 

362 

50 

11,944 
17,664 
9,661 
9,694 

316 

6,866 

3,875 

35,628 

2,210 
646 

""'376' 
95 

4,797 

6,898 

122 

25 

10,633 
7,  .539 
7,970 
2,243 

222 
3,866 
3,108 
28,865 

84 
111 
23 

76 
39 

230 
298 
186 
20 

569 

1,203 

90 

37 

94 

122 

189 

2,184 

"'ih' 

""26' 
"'26' 

2,403 

516 

3 

103 

30 

952 

353 

44 

S 

742 
8,902 
1,601 
7,388 

5 

ii' 

2,433 

2,241 

5,114 

765 

6,251 

17 

1 

1,055 

717 

17,590 

2 
3 

4 

16,054 
15,271 

107,  746 
84,560 
4,500 

8,120 
4,180 

56,714 
56,743 
3,099 

500 
375 

5 

835 

13,002 

6,592 

1,399 

60 

69,452 

151,177 

3,720 

4,079 

1,291 

14,168 

5,166 

111,203 

6 

7 

5,693 

1,700 

750 

2,757 

127,112 

2,497 

176 

8 
9 
10 

400,188 
427,499 
169,383 
230,190 

11,410 
90,250 
61,664 
767,154 

455,984 

330,568 

79,059 

143,732 

1,250 

117,970 

31,701 

361,708 

11 
12 
13 
14 

15 

32, 180 

....„ 

1,888 
578 

4,677 

16 

17 

322,418 

18 

SHIPBUILDING,  STEEL. 


$1,936,260  $1,650,346  $25,165,792  |  $442,135  $123,487 


148,  781 

164,570 

13,524 

91,206 

63,969 

290,362 
183,364 
148,588 
34,883 
797,033 


240,529 

105, 752 

8,120 

47,055 

39,219 

394, 134 

183,547 

72,970 

26,917 

532,103 


2,855,873 
235,953 
112,309 

1,  .323, 696 
810, 473 

3,740,073 

2,478,265 

1,791,649 

298,915 

11,618,596 


32,585 
566' 


86,520 
'32i,'632 


6,000 
7,000 


2,200 


32, 512 

38,975 
730 


36,070 


$545,478  i«28,097,457  $1,172,270 


70,398 

1,305 

2,614 

20,337 

37,210 

31,923 

59,697 

88,626 

27,686 

205,082 


2,995,464 
125,557 
252, 772 

1,705,212 
946,890 

4, 439, 115 
2,161,352 
1, 571, 259 
230, 524 
13,669,312 


103, 540 

5,757 

6,506 

65,049 

60,412 

117,145 
128,993 
140,066 
21,999 
522,804 


$66,216,092  »36,940,96S 


7, 130, 577 
1, 107,  717 
465,936 
3, 776, 809 
2,261,069 

9, 292, 706 

6, 835, 156 

4,291,645 

851,281 

30,203,796 


4,031,673 

976, 403 

206,659 

2,006,548 

1,253,767 

4,736,446 
4,544,811 
2,580,320 
598, 758 
16,011,680 


&3,70C 


3,456 

362 

433 

4,749 

4,617 

8,616 
9,728 
8,748 
3,397 
39,600 


CO, 208    574 


1,480 


285 
4,177 
4,525 

8,068 
2,850 
7,242 
2,920 

28,661 


260 


214 


1,976 
362 

98 
522 

92 

548 

6,618 

1,506 

477 

10,725 


2,301 
2,241 

4,500 

741 

6,261 

714 

18,628 


SHIPBUILDING,  WOODEN,  INCLUDING  BOAT  BUILDING. 


805,166 


7,765,364 


89,644 


293,262 


100,917 


246,098   22,465,379 


13, 138, 136 


31,627 


19,391 


4,762    94 


7,161 


25,475 
26,731 
3,694 
46,236 


22,470 
2,530 


15, 271 
18,540 

34,116 
16,540 
58,607 
20,591 
4,500 


109,836 
244,145 

1,200 

20,795 

5,060 

4,175 

11,410 

7,009 

16,  781 

89, 454 


13,589 
6,681 


9,280 


6,817 


4,180 
5,566 

11,994 
9,659 
13,009 

17,524 
3,099 


61,850 
147,021 

520 
6,089 
3,070 
3,557 

1,250 

3,921 

4,784 

33,571 


340, 651 

222,426 

27,544 

334,287 

8,055 

99,909 

22,095 

6,128 

52,356 

234,  769 

283,776 
249,  773 
328,025 
229,043 
89,323 

31,278 

10, 138 

916,935 

2,492,803 

33,853 
146,916 
157,960 

CI,  100 

123,256 

56,590 

121,678 

1,084,731 


2,141 
895 


375 


7,518 


11,842 
6,693 
1,700 

2,200 

750 

1,859 

40,592 


7,245 


18, 170 
4,069 

700 
4,825 

366 

4,941 


116 

836 
1,716 

4,372 
10,802 
35, 154 
5,592 
1,399 

519 

00 

36,940 

112,202 

175 
2,990 
4,369 
5,953 

1,291 


5,166 
30,540 


1,977 

3,933 

284 

7,192 

90 

1,137 

380 

221 

1,065 

3,372 

10,480 
5,435 
8,685 
7,343 
1,829 

272 

266 

22,453 

63,301 

1,196 

3,003 

3,734 

971 

270 

736 

2,931 

18,361 


381,082 

201,604 

43,617 

268,223 

4,231 

105,307 

7,611 

12, 424 

131,669 

263,113 

635,754 
323,658 
385,373 
242,967 
153,530 

46,072 

11,742 

1,047,330 

2,793,429 

37,471 
193,493 
111,557 

40,668 

277, 827 

80,261 

193,477 

1,087,105 


5,898 

9,383 

1,4.38 

12, 178 

106 

2,852 

583 

418 

2,896 

5,356 

10,353 
7,911 
9,900 
8,484 
3,964 

714 

526 
32,704 
89,004 

428 

3,762 
2,891 
2,208 


752 
6,156 
26,411 


973, 456 
657, 576 

82,664 
804,399 

15,840 

283,341 
.  40,426 
32,600 
221,788 
663,263 

1, 192, 866 
744,360 

1,061,115 
561, 488 
317,111 

101,362 

38,626 
2,668,259 
7,360,142 

93,175 
425, 142 
332,074 
158,  774 

473, 524 

160, 898 

402, 807 

2,798,514 


586,876 
346,689 

37,599 
523,998 

11,503 

175, 182 
32,232 
19,658 
87,223 

394, 794 

546, 759 
412,791 
665,842 
310,047 
159, 617 

54, 576 

26,257 

1, 488, 225 

4, 477,  709 

55,276 
227,887 
217,626 
115,898 

194,874 

79,885 

204,175 

1,685,938 


1,241 
941 
195 

1,489 
26 

251 

116 

44 

164 

1,144 

1,270 
1,230 
1,513 
2,948 
352 

170 

50 

3,328 

7,936 

IQO 
913 
445 
303 

316 

138 

478 

4,466 


730 
646 
163 
422 


86 

4 

95 

940 

575 
620 
696 
2,373 
122 

145 

25 

2,  .565 

4,689 

62 
728 
247 
230 

222 

138 

188 

2,681 


84 
111 

27 
687 

23 

123 
26 


174 

276 

180 
269 
298 
186 

12 
20 

569 
943 

35 
90 
51 
14 

94 


189 
209 


30 


16 


20 


427 
154 

5 
380 

3 

128 

5 

5 

30 

30 

419 
430 
548 
261 
44 

13 

5 

194 

2,284 

3 

95 
147 
119 


101 
1,331 


132 
2 


614 

14 


'All  other  statesembrace:  Delaware,  2establishments:  Florida,  1:  Illinois,  l;Iowa,  1:  Louisiana,  2;  Maine,  2;  Massachusetts,  3;  Mississippi,  1;  North  Carolina,  1;  Oregon,  1; 
Pennsylvania,  5:  Rhode  Island,  2:  Virginia,  1:  Washington,  3;  West  ^"i^f,^nia,  1. 

•Allotherstatesembracc:  Alabama,  4  establishments;  District  of  Columbia,  2;  Idaho,  2;  Missouri,  3;  Pennsylvania,  28;  South  Carolina,  2;  South  Dakota,  1;  Tennessee,  3; 
Vermont,  2;  Virginia,  28;  Washington,  61. 


o 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  SO  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.00  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVEI^DUE. 


^ 


OCT  18  1938 


MML24 


l?,Nov'54BS 


Rc_C'D  LD 


NOV  12  1961 


a*Qct'62lll|H 


REC'D  LD 


^^'  1Q19$Z 


W^Z^'^^W 


l8Apr'56KK 


-m 


,  41956  L: 


3May^56GB 


m^ 


APR  1  9  195B  LV 


Apry'59WP 


nrt^ 


-m- 


yw 


26Nov6 1 JC 


JUW2l'9ft 


iJiH.  eiR.  MAY  i-  i  ^^i 


1?  198Z 


^^"P     JUL  ^  '''  1082 


*>^^    5^986 


^''•'''''  ,,t;Q<tC«ncFFRi^W 


YE   lOObb 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


986771 


